Ikizira 11

Valve idashyizweho neza. Urugero, valve y'isi cyangwaimashini yo kugenzuraIcyerekezo cy'amazi (cyangwa umwuka) gitandukanye n'icyapa, kandi igice cy'urukiramende gishyirwa hasi. Urukiramende rushyirwa hasi aho kuba rutambitse. Kure y'umuryango w'igenzura, ndakwinginze.

Ingaruka: Ingufu za valve zibaho, switch iragoye kuyikosora, kandi uruti rwa valve rukunze kwerekeza hasi, bigatuma amazi ava.
Ibipimo: Kurikiza amabwiriza yo gushyiraho valve kugeza ku nyuguti. Siga uburebure buhagije bwo gufungura kugira ngo inkingi z'umugozi zigere kuvalve zo mu irembohamwe n'imiti izamuka. Tekereza neza umwanya w'aho umugozi uzunguruka mu gihe ukoresha uturindantoki tw'ibinyugunyugu. Imiti y'uturindantoki dutandukanye ntigomba gushyirwa hasi cyangwa hasi. Uretse kugira urugi rwo kugenzura rushobora kwakira ifungurwa n'ifungwa ry'uturindantoki, uturindantoki twihishe tugomba no kugira uruti rw'uturindantoki rureba urugi rwo kugenzura.

Ikizira 12

Valve zashyizweho'Ingero n'ibipimo ntibikurikiza amahame ngenderwaho. Urugero, umuyoboro w'amazi ukoresha ipompo y'umuriro ukoresha valve y'ikinyugunyugu iyo umurambararo w'umuyoboro uri munsi ya mm 50 cyangwa ungana na zo, naho umuyoboro wumye n'uhagaze w'amazi ashyushye ukoresha valve ihagarika iyo umuvuduko w'amazi wa valve uri munsi y'umuvuduko w'igerageza rya sisitemu.

Ingaruka: guhindura uburyo valve isanzwe ifunguka kandi igafunga, ndetse n'uburyo resistance, pressure, n'izindi nshingano zihindurwa. Ikirushijeho kuba kibi ni uko byatumye valve icika intege igakenera gukosorwa mu gihe sisitemu yari ikoreshwa.

Ibipimo: Menya imiterere y'ikoreshwa rya valve zitandukanye, hanyuma uhitemo imiterere ya valve n'icyitegererezo cyayo ukurikije ibyo igishushanyo mbonera gikeneye. Igitutu cy'agace ka valve kigomba kuba cyujuje ibisabwa ku gipimo cy'igitutu cy'uburyo. Dukurikije ibipimo ngenderwaho by'inyubako, valve yo guhagarika igomba gukoreshwa iyo umurambararo w'umuyoboro w'amazi uri munsi ya mm 50 cyangwa ungana na; iyo iri hejuru ya mm 50, valve yo kwinjira igomba gukoreshwa. Valve z'ibinyugunyugu ntizigomba gukoreshwa ku miyoboro ikoresha pompe y'umuriro, kandi valve zo kwinjira zigomba gukoreshwa ku valve zishyushya amazi ashyushye n'izihagaze.

Ikizira 13

Mbere yuko valve ishyirwaho, igenzura ry’ubuziranenge risabwa ntirikorwa hakurikijwe amategeko.

Ingaruka: Amazi (cyangwa umwuka ushyushye) asohoka mu gihe cy'imikorere ya sisitemu kubera ko imashini ifunga ihinduka kandi igafunga idakomeye, bigasaba gusubiramo no gusana ndetse bikagira ingaruka ku mazi asanzwe (cyangwa umwuka ushyushye).

Ibipimo: Ikizamini cyo gukomera no gufunga kigomba gukorwa mbere yo gushyiraho valve. 10% bya buri gice (ikirango kimwe, ibipimo bimwe, icyitegererezo kimwe) bigomba gutoranywa mu buryo butunguranye kugira ngo bikoreshwe, ariko bitari munsi ya kimwe. Ibizamini byo gukomera no gufunga bigomba gukorwa kimwe kimwe kuri valve ifunze ishyirwa ku muyoboro mukuru ugomba gucibwa. "Amabwiriza yo Kwemera Ireme ry'Ubwubatsi mu Gutanga Amazi, Gusukura no Gushyushya Inyubako" (GB 50242-2002) agomba gukurikizwa kugira ngo hamenyekane imbaraga n'ubukana bw'igitutu cy'i valve.

Ikizira 14

Ibikoresho byinshi, imashini, n'ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu bwubatsi ntabwo bifite icyemezo cy'ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa cyangwa inyandiko z'isuzumabumenyi ry'ubuziranenge bwa tekiniki zisabwa na leta cyangwa minisiteri kugira ngo huzuzwe ibisabwa ubu.

Ingaruka: Ireme ry’umushinga ribi, ibyago by’impanuka zihishe, kutarangira ku gihe cyagenwe, hamwe n’ivugururwa ry’ibikorwa byose bigira uruhare mu kongera igihe cyo kubaka no kongera abakozi n’ibikoresho.

Ibipimo: Ibikoresho by'ibanze, ibikoresho, n'ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu mishinga yo gutanga amazi, imiyoboro y'amazi, ubushyuhe, n'isukura bigomba kuba bifite inyandiko z'isuzumabumenyi ry'ubuziranenge cyangwa ibyemezo by'ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa bitangwa na leta cyangwa minisiteri byujuje ibisabwa; amazina y'ibicuruzwa byabyo, ingero, ibisobanuro, n'amahame y'ubuziranenge y'igihugu bigomba gushyirwaho ikimenyetso. Izina ry'ikode, itariki byakoreweho, izina ry'uruganda n'aho ruherereye, icyemezo cy'igenzura, cyangwa izina ry'ikode ry'ibicuruzwa byahoze ari uruganda.

Ikinyuranyo cya 15

Guhindura Valve

Ingaruka: Uburyo valve nyinshi zikoreshwa mu cyerekezo ni kimwe mu bigize valve nyinshi, harimo valve zo kugenzura, valve zo gukanda, valve zo kugabanya umuvuduko, na valve zo guhagarika. Ingaruka zo gukoresha valve yo gukanda n'ubuzima bwayo bizagira ingaruka iyo ishyizwe hejuru; ishobora no kwica.

Ibipimo: Hari ikimenyetso cy’icyerekezo ku mubiri wa valve kuri valve rusange; niba nta kimenyetso cy’icyerekezo kihari, valve igomba kumenyekana neza hashingiwe ku mikorere yayo. Amazi agomba gutembera mu muyoboro wa valve kuva hasi kugera hejuru kugira ngo aho ifunguye hagabanuke akazi (kuko igitutu kiri hagati kiri hejuru) kandi icyuma kidakandagira aho gipakira nyuma yo gufunga, ibyo bikaba byoroshye kubibungabunga. Umwobo wa valve yo guhagarika ntabwo ungana uhereye ibumoso ujya iburyo. Valve y'isi ntishobora guhindurirwa inyuma kubera iyo mpamvu.

Gushyiramo valve y'irembo irambuye hasi, hamwe n'urukiramende rw'intoki, bizatuma icyuma gikomeza kuguma mu gice cy'iboneti igihe kirekire, ibyo bikaba bibi ku isonga ry'urukiramende ndetse binyuranyije n'amategeko agenga bimwe mu bikorwa. Gusimbuza ipaki icyarimwe biragoye cyane. Valve yagaragaye izangirika bitewe n'ubushuhe niba valve y'irembo y'urukiramende izamutse ishyizwe munsi y'ubutaka. Menya neza ko disiki ihagaze neza mugihe ushyiraho valve yo kugenzura ibizamu kugira ngo ishobore guterurwa byoroshye. Menya neza ko pin shaft iri iburyo mugihe ushyiraho valve yo kugenzura ibizunguruka kugira ngo ishobore gufungurwa neza. Ku muyoboro utambitse, valve igabanya umuvuduko igomba gushyirwaho igororotse; ntabwo igomba kuba igororotse na gato.

Ikinyuranyo 16

Gufungura no gufunga valve n'intoki, imbaraga nyinshi

Ingaruka: zitandukanye kuva ku kwangirika kwa valve kugeza ku bintu bikomeye

Ingamba: Imbaraga z'ubuso bwo gufunga n'imbaraga zikenewe zo gufunga biratekerezwaho mu gihe cyo gushushanya valve y'intoki, ndetse n'umuzingo wayo cyangwa umukingo wayo, mu mirimo ya buri munsi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ntishobora kwimurwa hakoreshejwe urufunguzo rurerure cyangwa umugozi. Hari abantu bamenyereye gukoresha urufunguzo, kandi bagomba kwitonda cyane kugira ngo badakoresha imbaraga nyinshi kuko kubikora bishobora kwangiza ubuso bwo gufunga cyangwa bigatuma urufunguzo ruca intege urufunguzo n'umukingo. Imbaraga zikoreshwa mu gufungura no gufunga vali zigomba kuba zihamye kandi nta nkomyi.

Ibice bimwe na bimwe by'umuvuduko mwinshi w'amashanyarazi bikingura kandi bigafunga byibanze ku kuba iyi mbaraga y'amashanyarazi idashobora kuba imwe n'iy'amashanyarazi asanzwe. Mbere yo gufungura, amashanyarazi agomba gushyuha cyane, kandi amazi afunze agomba gukurwamo amazi. Kugira ngo hirindwe ko amazi ahita asohoka, agomba gufungurwa buhoro buhoro uko bishoboka kose. Ipine y'intoki igomba kuzunguruka gato ishyizwe hasi nyuma yuko amashanyarazi afunguwe neza kugira ngo imigozi ikomeze kandi hirindwe ko icika intege cyangwa ngo yangirike.

Ku bijyanye n'udukingirizo tw'imirongo tuzamuka, ni ngombwa kuzirikana aho uruti ruri iyo rufunguye neza kandi rufunze neza kugira ngo hirindwe ko rugwa hagati hejuru. Byongeye kandi, biroroshye kumenya niba ari ibisanzwe iyo rufunze neza. Aho uruti ruhagaze ruzahinduka iyo rufunze neza niba uruti rwa valve rwacitse cyangwa niba hari ibintu byinshi biri hagati y'agakingirizo k'imirongo. Udukingirizo dushobora gufungurwa gato kugira ngo amazi yihuta cyane y'umuyoboro ajye akuramo umwanda mwinshi w'umuyoboro mbere yo gufungwa buhoro buhoro (ntugafunge mu buryo butunguranye cyangwa bukabije kugira ngo wirinde ko imyanda isigara ipfundika hejuru y'agakingirizo). Subiza ku murongo, bikore inshuro nyinshi, oza umwanda, hanyuma uwukoreshe nk'uko bisanzwe.

Mu gihe ufunga valve zisanzwe zifunguye, imyanda yose iri ku buso bufunga igomba guhanagurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwavuzwe haruguru mbere yuko valve ifungwa ku mugaragaro. Kugira ngo hirindwe kwangiza kare k'umugozi wa valve, iyo valve inaniwe gufungura no gufunga, bigatuma habaho impanuka zijyanye n'umusaruro, ipine y'intoki n'umukingo bigomba gushyirwaho vuba bishoboka niba byacitse cyangwa byarazimiye. Nta mugozi woroshye ushobora gukoreshwa mu kubisimbura. Nyuma y'uko valve ifunzwe, hari uburyo bworoshye bukonjesha, bigatuma valve ifunga. Kugira ngo hirindwe ko hagira umwobo ugaragara ku buso bufunga, umukoresha agomba kongera kuyifunga mu gihe gikwiye. Iyo bigaragaye ko mu gihe cyo kubaga bikabije, impamvu igomba gusuzumwa.

Birashoboka guhindura neza aho bapakira iyo hapfutse cyane. Abakozi bagomba kumenyeshwa ko bagomba gukosora igice cy'umugozi wa valve niba cyagoramye. Niba valve igomba gufungurwa muri iki gihe, umugozi w'umupfundikizo wa valve ushobora kurekurwa n'igice cy'uruziga ku ruziga rumwe kugira ngo ugabanye umuvuduko ku gice cy'umugozi wa valve, hanyuma ugahindura uruziga rw'intoki. Kuri zimwe na zimwe, iyo valve ifunze, igice cyo gufunga kirakura bitewe n'ubushyuhe, bigatuma bigorana gufungura.

Ikizira 17

Gushyiraho nabi valves zirinda ubushyuhe bwinshi

Ingaruka: Gutera isuka

Ibipimo: Kubera ko valve zishyuha cyane zirenze 200°C zishyirwa ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba, zigomba kongera gukomezwa kugira ngo zikomeze "gukomezwa k'ubushyuhe" nyuma y'imikorere isanzwe iyo ubushyuhe buzamutse, bolts zigakura bitewe n'ubushyuhe, kandi icyuho kikarushaho kwiyongera. Abakoresha bagomba kwibanda kuri iki gikorwa kuko gusohoka bishobora kubaho byoroshye iyo bitabaye ibyo.

Ikizira 18

Kubura amazi yo mu mazi mu gihe cy'ubukonje

Ibipimo: Amazi yakusanyije inyuma y'umuyoboro w'amazi agomba gukurwaho iyo hanze hakonje cyane kandi umuyoboro w'amazi umaze igihe ufunze. Amazi afunze agomba gukurwamo iyo umuyoboro w'umwuka uzimye umuyoboro w'umwuka. Igice cyo hasi cy'umuyoboro gisa n'agakingirizo gashobora gufungurwa kugira ngo amazi asohoke.

Ikinyuranyo 19

Valve idakoresha icyuma, imbaraga zo gufungura no gufunga ni nini cyane

Ibipimo: Valve zidafite icyuma zigira imbaraga zitandukanye, zimwe muri zo zikaba zikomeye kandi zoroshye. Iyo zikoreshwa, imbaraga zikoreshwa mu gufungura no gufunga ntizigomba kuba nyinshi cyane, cyane cyane zidakakaza. Witondere kugira ngo wirinde no kugongana n'ibintu.

Ikizira 20

Gupakira valve nshya biragoye cyane

Ibipimo: Gupfunyika ntibigomba gupfunyika cyane iyo valve nshya ikora kugira ngo hirindwe ko amazi ava, igitutu kinini ku gice cy'imashini, kwangirika vuba, no gufungura no gufunga bigoye. Uburyo bwo kubaka valve, uburyo bwo kurinda valve, gukoresha ibikoresho byo mu muhanda, no gusimbuza valve byose ni ibintu by'ingenzi kuko ubwiza bw'imashini zishyirwamo valve bugira ingaruka ku ikoreshwa ryayo.