1. Valve y'irembo: Valve y'irembo yerekeza kuri valve ifite igice cyo gufunga (irembo) kigenda mu cyerekezo gihagaze cy'umurongo w'umuyoboro. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu guca icyuma kiri ku muyoboro, ni ukuvuga gufungura neza cyangwa gufunga neza. Valve rusange y'irembo ntishobora gukoreshwa mu kugenzura amazi. Ishobora gukoreshwa ku bushyuhe buke n'umuvuduko mwinshi ndetse n'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi, kandi ishobora gukoreshwa hakurikijwe ibikoresho bitandukanye by'valve. Ariko, valve z'irembo muri rusange ntizikoreshwa mu miyoboro itwara ibintu nk'ibyondo.

akarusho:
1. Ubudahangarwa buke bw'amazi;
2. Umuvuduko ukenewe mu gufungura no gufunga ni muto;
3. Ishobora gukoreshwa ku muyoboro w'urusobe rw'amazi aho icyuma gitembera mu byerekezo bibiri, ni ukuvuga ko icyerekezo cy'icyuma gitemberamo kidakumirwa;
4. Iyo ifunguye neza, ubuso bwo gufunga ntibuba bwarangiritse cyane n'igikoresho gikoreraho nk'uko icyuma gifunga umubumbe gikoreshwa;
5. Imiterere n'imiterere biroroshye kandi inzira yo kuyikora ni nziza;
6. Uburebure bw'inyubako ni bugufi ugereranyije.

inzitizi:
1. Ingano rusange n'uburebure bw'aho bifungurirwa ni binini, kandi umwanya ukenewe wo gushyiraho na wo ni munini;
2. Mu gihe cyo gufungura no gufunga, ubuso bwo gufunga burakosorwa cyane, kandi gukururana ni kunini, kandi byoroshye gutera gushwanyagurika nubwo haba hari ubushyuhe bwinshi;
3. Muri rusange, valve z'irembo zifite ubuso bubiri bwo kuziba, ibyo bikaba byongera ingorane mu gutunganya, gusya no kubungabunga;
4. Igihe cyo gufungura no gusoza ni kirekire.

2. Valve y'ibinyugunyugu: Valve y'ibinyugunyugu ni ubwoko bwa valve ikoresha ibice byo gufungura no gufunga ubwoko bwa disiki kugira ngo ihindukire isubire inyuma n'inyuma nko kuri 90° kugira ngo ifungure, ifunge kandi ihindure inzira y'amazi.

akarusho:
1. Imiterere yoroshye, ingano nto, uburemere bworoheje, ibikoresho bike byo gukoresha, ntibikoreshwa mu mvange nini;
2. Gufungura no gufunga vuba, kudakoresha amazi menshi;
3. Ishobora gukoreshwa mu byuma bifite uduce duto duto, kandi ishobora no gukoreshwa mu byuma bifite ifu n'uduce duto bitewe n'imbaraga z'ubuso bufunga. Ikwiriye gufungura no gufunga inzira ebyiri no guhindura imiyoboro y'umwuka n'iy'ivumbi, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mu byuma bikoresha gazi n'amazi mu byuma, mu nganda z'amashanyarazi, mu byuma bitanga urumuri, mu byuma bitanga amashanyarazi, mu byuma bitanga amashanyarazi, nibindi.

inzitizi:
1. Ingano yo gupima amazi ntabwo ari nini. Iyo aho amazi afunguye hageze kuri 30%, amazi yinjira arenga 95%.
2. Bitewe n'imiterere y'agace k'ibinyugunyugu n'ibikoresho byo kuziba, ntabwo bikwiriye imiyoboro y'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi. Ubushyuhe rusange bukoreshwa buri munsi ya 300°C no munsi ya PN40.
3. Umusaruro wo gufunga ni mubi ugereranije n'uwa ball valves na globe valves, bityo ikoreshwa ahantu ibisabwa byo gufunga bitari hejuru cyane.

3. Valve y'umupira: Yavuye kuri valve ifunga. Igice cyayo cyo gufungura no gufunga ni uruziga, kandi umubiri wo gufunga uzunguruka 90° ukikije umurongo w'igiti cya valve kugira ngo ugere ku ntego yo gufungura no gufunga. Valve y'umupira ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu guca, gukwirakwiza no guhindura icyerekezo cy'inzira y'amazi ku muyoboro, kandi valve y'umupira yakozwe ifite umwobo umeze nka V ifite imikorere myiza yo kugenzura amazi.

akarusho:
1. Ifite ubushobozi bwo kwirinda amazi mu rugero rwo hasi cyane (mu by'ukuri ni 0);
2. Kubera ko itazigera ifata igihe ikora (mu mavuta), ishobora gushyirwa mu buryo bwizewe ku bintu bihumanya ikirere n'ibintu bishyuha bike;
3. Mu gipimo cy'umuvuduko n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, ishobora gufunga neza;
4. Ishobora gufungura no gufunga byihuse. Igihe cyo gufungura no gufunga cy'inyubako zimwe na zimwe ni 0.05 ~ 0.1s gusa, kugira ngo ikoreshwe muri sisitemu y'imikorere y'imashini ipima. Iyo ufungura kandi ufunga valve vuba, nta guhungabana guhari.
5. Igice cyo gufunga gifite uruziga gishobora gushyirwa mu buryo bwikora ku mupaka;
6. Uburyo bwo gukora bufunze neza ku mpande zombi;
7. Iyo bifunguye neza kandi bifunze neza, ubuso bwo gufunga bw'umupira n'intebe ya valve biba bitandukanyijwe n'ubwo buryo, bityo ubwo buryo bunyura muri valve ku muvuduko mwinshi ntibuzatera kwangirika k'ubuso bwo gufunga;
8. Ifite imiterere mito kandi yoroheje, ishobora gufatwa nk'imiterere y'ingufu nziza cyane ku buryo buciriritse bwo gukoresha ubushyuhe buri hasi;
9. Igice cy'umugozi gifite imiterere ingana, cyane cyane imiterere y'umugozi ufite ibyuma bisukwa, bishobora kwihanganira umuvuduko uturuka ku muyoboro;
10. Ibice bifunga bishobora kwihanganira itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko mwinshi mu gihe bifunga.
11. Valve y'umupira ifite umubiri upfundikiye neza ishobora gushyingurwa mu butaka, kugira ngo ibice by'imbere bya valve bitazangirika, kandi igihe ntarengwa cyo kuyikoresha gishobora kugera ku myaka 30. Ni valve nziza cyane ku miyoboro ya peteroli na gaze karemano.

inzitizi:
1. Kubera ko icyuma cy'ingenzi cyane cyo gufunga intebe muri valve y'umupira ari polytetrafluoroethylene, ntigikoreshwa mu bintu hafi ya byose bya shimi, kandi gifite ubushobozi buke bwo gukururana, imikorere ihamye, nticyoroshye gusaza, ubushyuhe bunini bukoreshwa n'imikorere yo gufunga. Ibiranga neza cyane. Ariko, imiterere ya PTFE, harimo ubushobozi bwo kwaguka cyane, ubushobozi bwo gutemba ubukonje n'ubushobozi buke bwo gutwara ubushyuhe, bisaba ko udupfundikizo tw'intebe tugomba gushushanywa dukikije iyi miterere. Kubwibyo, iyo udupfundikizo dukomeye, ubwizigirwa bw'udupfundikizo buragabanuka. Byongeye kandi, PTFE ifite ubushyuhe buke kandi ishobora gukoreshwa gusa munsi ya 180°C. Hejuru y'ubu bushyuhe, udupfundikizo tuzasaza. Mu gihe ikoreshwa igihe kirekire, muri rusange ntikoreshwa kuri 120°C.
2. Imikorere yayo yo kuyihindura ni mibi kurusha iya vali y’isi, cyane cyane vali y’umwuka (cyangwa vali y’amashanyarazi).

4. Valve y'umubumbe: yerekeza kuri valve ifite igice cyo gufunga (disiki) kigenda ku murongo wo hagati w'intebe ya valve. Dukurikije imiterere y'uburyo disiki igenda, impinduka y'aho intebe ya valve ihurira ingana n'aho icyuma gifunga disiki gihurira. Kubera ko icyuma gifungura cyangwa gifunga igice cy'icyuma cya valve cy'ubu bwoko bwa valve ari kigufi, kandi gifite imikorere yizewe cyane yo gukata, kandi kubera ko guhindura umwanya w'intebe ya valve bingana n'aho icyuma gifunga disiki ya valve gihurira, birakwiriye cyane mu guhindura imiterere y'amazi. Kubwibyo, ubu bwoko bwa valve burakwiriye cyane mu gukata cyangwa kugenzura no gufunga.

akarusho:
1. Mu gihe cyo gufungura no gufunga, kubera ko imbaraga zo gukururana hagati ya disiki n'ubuso bwo gufunga bw'umubiri wa valve ari nto ugereranije n'iz'irembo, ntiziramba.
2. Uburebure bw'aho umuntu afungurira muri rusange ni 1/4 cy'umuyoboro w'intebe, bityo ikaba nto cyane ugereranije na valve y'irembo;
3. Ubusanzwe hari ubuso bumwe gusa bwo gufunga ku mubiri wa valve na disiki ya valve, bityo inzira yo kuyikora iba nziza kandi yoroshye kuyibungabunga.
4. Kubera ko icyuma gishyushya ubusanzwe ari uruvange rwa asbestos na grafiti, urwego rwo kwirinda ubushyuhe ruba ruri hejuru. Muri rusange vali z'umwuka zikoresha vali z'isi.

inzitizi:
1. Kubera ko icyerekezo cy'amazi anyura muri vali cyahindutse, ubushobozi buke bwo guhangana n'amazi ya vali y'isi nabwo buri hejuru ugereranyije n'ubundi bwoko bwinshi bwa vali;
2. Bitewe n'uburyo bwo gukubita igihe kirekire, umuvuduko wo gufungura ugenda buhoro ugereranije n'uwa valve y'umupira.

5. Valve yo gushyiramo icyuma: Ivuga valve izunguruka ifite igice cyo gufunga gifite ishusho ya plunger. Mu kuzunguruka kwa 90°, umuyoboro w'inzira kuri valve uhuzwa cyangwa utandukanyijwe n'umuyoboro w'inzira uri ku mubiri wa valve kugira ngo bifunguke cyangwa bifunge. Imiterere ya valve ishobora kuba uruziga cyangwa isongoye. Ihame ryayo muri rusange risa n'iry'umupira w'amaguru. Valve y'umupira ikorwa hashingiwe kuri valve yo gushyiramo icyuma. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gucukura peteroli ndetse no mu nganda za peteroli.

6. Valve y'umutekano: ikoreshwa nk'igikoresho cyo kurinda umuvuduko ukabije ku miyoboro y'umuvuduko, ibikoresho cyangwa imiyoboro. Iyo umuvuduko mu bikoresho, mu gikoresho cyangwa mu muyoboro uzamutse hejuru y'agaciro kemewe, vali izifungura ubwayo hanyuma igasohoka neza kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibikoresho, mu gikoresho cyangwa mu muyoboro ndetse n'umuvuduko bidakomeza kuzamuka; iyo umuvuduko umanutse ku gaciro kagenwe, vali igomba gufunga mu buryo bwikora ku gihe kugira ngo irinde imikorere myiza y'ibikoresho, mu gikoresho cyangwa mu miyoboro.

7. Umutego w'umwuka: Amazi amwe afunze azakorwa mu gutwara umwuka, umwuka ufunze n'ibindi bikoresho. Kugira ngo igikoresho gikore neza kandi gikore neza, ibyo bikoresho bidafite akamaro kandi byangiza bigomba gusohoka ku gihe kugira ngo gikoreshwe neza kandi gitekanye. Gifite imirimo ikurikira: 1. Gishobora gukuraho amazi afunze vuba; 2. Kurinda ko umwuka usohoka; 3. Kuraho umwuka n'indi myuka idafunze.

8. Valve igabanya umuvuduko: Ni valve igabanya umuvuduko w'amazi yinjira ku muvuduko runaka ukenewe binyuze mu guhindura, kandi ishingiye ku ngufu z'icyuma ubwacyo kugira ngo ikomeze umuvuduko uhoraho w'amazi.

9. Valve yo kugenzura: izwi kandi nka valve ihindura imikorere, valve igenzura, valve y'umuvuduko w'inyuma na valve y'inzira imwe. Izi valve zifungurwa kandi zigafungwa mu buryo bwikora n'imbaraga zikomoka ku muyoboro ubwawo mu muyoboro, ari wo bwoko bwa valve yikora. Valve igenzura ikoreshwa muri sisitemu y'imiyoboro, kandi akazi kayo nyamukuru ni ukubuza umuyoboro kwinjira inyuma, kuzunguruka inyuma kwa pompe na moteri itwara, ndetse no gusohora k'umuyoboro w'ibikoresho. Valve zigenzura zikoreshwa kandi ku mirongo itanga sisitemu z'inyongera aho umuvuduko ushobora kuzamuka hejuru y'umuvuduko w'imiyoboro. Ishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bwa swing (izunguruka hakurikijwe hagati y'uburemere) n'ubwoko bwo guterura (igenda ku murongo)