Rubber karemano ishobora kwihanganira ibintu birimo amazi meza, amazi y'umunyu, umwuka, gaze idafite umwuka, alkali, n'umunyu; icyakora, amavuta y'ubutare n'ibintu bidafite umwuka birayangiza. Ikora neza cyane mu bushyuhe buke kandi ifite ubushyuhe butarenze 90°C. Ikora neza kuri -60°C. Koresha urugero rwavuzwe haruguru.
Ibinyabutabire birimo amavuta ya lisansi, amavuta yo kwisiga, na peteroli byemewe kuri nitrile rubber. Ubushyuhe bukoreshwa igihe kirekire ni 120°C, 150°C mu mavuta ashyushye, na -10°C kugeza -20°C mu bushyuhe buke.
Amazi yo mu nyanja, aside nke, alkali nke, umuti w’umunyu, ogisijeni na ozone birwanya gusaza, amavuta arwanya peteroli ari munsi ya nitrile ariko akaba meza kurusha andi mavuta akoreshwa mu buryo busanzwe, ubushyuhe bukoreshwa mu gihe kirekire buri munsi ya 90 °C, ubushyuhe bwinshi butari hejuru ya 130 °C, n’ubushyuhe buri hagati ya -30 na 50 °C byose birakwiriye kuri chloroprene.
Rubber ya fluorine irazamu buryo butandukanye, bwose bufite aside nziza, ogisijeni, amavuta, n'ibinyabutabire. Ubushyuhe bwo gukoreshwa igihe kirekire buri munsi ya dogere selisiyusi 200, kandi bushobora gukoreshwa hafi ya byose hamwe n'amavuta n'ibinyabutabire.
Urupapuro rwa rubber rukoreshwa cyane nk'agasanduku k'imiyoboro cyangwa utwobo tw'imashini duto dukunze gusenywa n'utwobo tw'intoki, kandi umuvuduko nturenze 1.568MPa. Utwo dusanduku twa rubber ni two tworoshye kandi twiza mu gufatanya mu bwoko bwose bwa gasket, kandi dushobora gukora akazi ko gufunga hakoreshejwe imbaraga nke zo gufunga mbere. Kubera ubunini bwatwo cyangwa ubukana bwatwo buke, gasket irapfunyikwa byoroshye iyo iri munsi y'umuvuduko w'imbere.
Impapuro za rubber zikoreshwa mu bintu bisukura umubiri nka benzene, ketone, ether, nibindi bishobora gutuma seal inanirwa gufunga bitewe no kubyimba, kwiyongera k'uburemere, koroha no gufatana. Muri rusange, ntishobora gukoreshwa iyo urugero rw'ububyimbe rurenze 30%.
Imipira ya rubber ni myiza mu gihe cy'umwuka uvamo umwuka cyangwa umwuka uri hasi (cyane cyane munsi ya 0.6MPa). Ibikoresho bya rubber ni byinshi kandi umwuka unyuramo ku rugero ruto. Urugero, ku bikoresho bya rubber, rubber ya fluorine ikora neza nk'agasanduku gafunga kuko urwego rwa vacuum rushobora kugera kuri 1.310-7Pa. Umupira wa rubber ugomba gutekwa no kupomperwa mbere yo gukoreshwa mu buryo bwa vacuum kuva kuri 10-1 kugeza kuri 10-7Pa.
Nubwo rubber n'ibindi bikoresho bitandukanye byongewe ku bikoresho bya gasket, ikibazo gikomeye ni uko idashobora gufunga burundu utwenge duto turiho, kandi hari urugero ruto rwo kwinjira nubwo igiciro kiri hasi ugereranyije n'izindi gasket kandi byoroshye kuyikoresha. Kubwibyo, nubwo igitutu n'ubushyuhe bitari byinshi, ntibishobora gukoreshwa mu bikoresho byanduye cyane. Bitewe no kuba rubber n'ibikoresho byo gushyiramo karubone iyo bikoreshejwe mu bikoresho bimwe na bimwe by'amavuta bishyushye cyane, akenshi hafi yo kurangira gukoreshwa, imbaraga ziragabanuka, ibikoresho birarekura, kandi kwinjira bibaho ku gice cyo hagati no imbere muri gasket, bigatera gucomeka no kuzana umwotsi. Byongeye kandi, iyo ubushyuhe bwinshi bukabije, urupapuro rwa asbestos rufata neza ku buso bwo kuziba flange, ibyo bigatuma inzira yo gusimbuza gasket igorana.
Ingufu zigumana ibikoresho bya gasket zigena umuvuduko wa gasket mu buryo butandukanye iyo ishyushye. Ibikoresho birimo fibre ya asbestos birimo amazi ahindura kristalo n'amazi ahindura kristalo. Hejuru ya 500°C, amazi ahindura kristalo atangira kuzura, kandi imbaraga ziba nkeya. Kuri 110°C, bibiri bya gatatu by'amazi ahindura kristalo hagati y'imigozi byaraguye, kandi imbaraga zo gukurura fibre zaragabanutseho hafi 10%. Kuri 368°C, amazi yose ahindura kristalo yaraguye, naho imbaraga zo gukurura fibre zaragabanutseho hafi 20%.
Ingufu z'urupapuro rwa asbestos rugira ingaruka zikomeye ku buryo bworoshye. Urugero, imbaraga zo gukurura urupapuro rwa asbestos rudakoresha amavuta ya No. 400 zihinduka hagati y'amavuta yo mu kirere n'amavuta yo mu kirere ku kigero cya 80%, bitewe nuko kubyimba kw'urupapuro rwa asbestos mu kirere bikabije kurusha amavuta yo mu kirere. Dukurikije ibyavuzwe haruguru, ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko w'urupapuro rwa asbestos rudakoresha amavuta ya XB450 mu rugo ni 250 °C kugeza 300 °C na 3 3.5 MPa; ubushyuhe ntarengwa ku rupapuro rwa asbestos rudakoresha amavuta ya No. 400 ni 350 °C.
Iyoni za kloride na sulfur ziri mu mpapuro za asbestos. Uduce tw'icyuma dushobora gukora batiri y'ingufu vuba nyuma yo gukurura amazi. By'umwihariko, ipantaro ya asbestos idakoresha amavuta ifite sulfure iruta ipantaro isanzwe ya asbestos, bigatuma idakoreshwa mu byuma bitari amavuta. Mu byuma bya asbestos n'ibinyabutabire, gasket irabyimba, ariko kugeza aho, nta ngaruka igira ku bushobozi bwo gufunga. Urugero, ikizamini cyo kwibiza mu lisansi y'indege mu bushyuhe bw'icyumba gikorerwa ku ipantaro ya asbestos ikoreshwa mu mazutu No. 400, kandi bitegetswe ko kwiyongera k'uburemere guterwa no kwinjiza amavuta bitagomba kurenza 15%.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 20 Mata-2023
