Rubber

Rubber karemano irashobora kwihanganira itangazamakuru ririmo amazi meza, amazi yumunyu, umwuka, gaze ya inert, alkalis, nigisubizo cyumunyu; nubwo bimeze bityo, amavuta yubutare hamwe nudusimba twa polar bizayangiza. Ikora neza bidasanzwe mubushyuhe buke kandi ifite igihe kirekire cyo gukoresha ubushyuhe butarenze 90 ° C. Irakora kuri -60 ° C. Koresha urugero hejuru.

Ibikomoka kuri peteroli birimo amavuta ya lisansi, amavuta yo gusiga, hamwe na peteroli biremewe kuri reberi ya nitrile. Ubushyuhe bwo gukoresha igihe kirekire ni 120 ° C, 150 ° C mu mavuta ashyushye, na -10 ° C kugeza kuri -20 ° C ku bushyuhe buke.

Amazi yo mu nyanja, acide nkeya, alkalis idakomeye, ibisubizo byumunyu, ogisijeni nziza na ozone irwanya gusaza, kurwanya amavuta ari munsi ya reberi ya nitrile ariko iruta iyindi reberi rusange, gukoresha igihe kirekire ubushyuhe buri munsi ya 90 ° C, gukoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi butari hejuru ya 130 ° C, nubushyuhe buke buri hagati ya -30 na 50 ° C byose birakwiriye kuri chloroprene.

Fluorine rubber irazamuburyo butandukanye, byose bifite aside nziza, okiside, amavuta, hamwe no kurwanya solvent. Ubushyuhe bwigihe kirekire bwo gukoresha buri munsi ya 200 ° C, kandi burashobora gukoreshwa hamwe nibitangazamakuru byose bya acide kimwe namavuta hamwe numuti.

Urupapuro rwa reberi rukoreshwa cyane nka gaze ya flange kumiyoboro cyangwa akenshi isenywa manhole hamwe nu mwobo wamaboko, kandi igitutu ntikirenza 1.568MPa. Igikoresho cya reberi nicyo cyoroshye kandi cyiza muguhuza ubwoko bwose bwa gasketi, kandi birashobora gutanga ingaruka zifunga hamwe nimbaraga nkeya mbere yo gukomera. Kubera ubunini bwayo cyangwa ubukana bubi, gasike rero irasohoka byoroshye mugihe munsi yumuvuduko wimbere.

Amabati akoreshwa mumashanyarazi kama nka benzene, ketone, ether, nibindi bishobora gutera kashe kubera kubyimba, gukura ibiro, koroshya, no gukomera. Muri rusange, ntishobora gukoreshwa niba urwego rwo kubyimba rurenze 30%.

Ibikoresho bya reberi nibyiza mugihe cyumuvuduko numuvuduko muke (cyane cyane munsi ya 0.6MPa). Ibikoresho bya reberi ni byinshi kandi byinjira mu kirere ku rugero ruto. Kubikoresho bya vacuum, nkurugero, rebero ya fluor ikora neza nkigikoresho gifunga kashe kuva urwego rwa vacuum rushobora kujya hejuru ya 1.310-7Pa. Rubber igomba gutekwa no kuvomwa mbere yo gukoreshwa mumwanya wa vacuum ya 10-1 kugeza 10-7Pa.

Urupapuro rwa Asibesitosi

Nubwo reberi hamwe nuzuza ibintu bitandukanye byongewe mubikoresho bya gaze, ikibazo nyamukuru nuko idashobora gufunga burundu utwobo duto duto duhari, kandi hariho urwego ruto rwo kwinjiramo nubwo igiciro kiri munsi yizindi gaseke kandi biroroshye gukoresha. Kubwibyo, nubwo umuvuduko nubushyuhe bitarenze urugero, ntibishobora gukoreshwa mubitangazamakuru byanduye cyane. Bitewe na karuboni ya reberi niyuzuza iyo ikoreshejwe mumavuta yubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane, ubusanzwe hafi yimpera yimikoreshereze, imbaraga ziragabanuka, ibikoresho bikarekura, kandi kwinjira bikaboneka mumbere no mumbere ya gaze, biganisha kuri kokiya numwotsi.Ikindi kandi, mubushyuhe bwinshi, urupapuro rwa asibesitosi rushyira muburyo bwo gusimbuza gaze.

Kugumana imbaraga zibikoresho byerekana igitutu cyerekana igitutu cyigitangazamakuru mubitangazamakuru bitandukanye mubihe bishyushye. Ibikoresho birimo fibre ya asibesitosi birimo amazi yo korohereza amazi n'amazi ya adsorption. Kurenga 500 ° C, amazi yo korohereza ibintu atangira kugwa, kandi imbaraga ziri hasi. Kuri 110 ° C, bibiri bya gatatu by'amazi yamamajwe hagati ya fibre yaguye, kandi imbaraga za fibre zagabanutseho hafi 10%. Kuri 368 ° C, amazi yose yamamajwe yaguye, kandi imbaraga za fibre zagabanutseho hafi 20%.

Imbaraga za reberi ya asibesitosi ihindurwa cyane nuburyo bwo hagati. Kurugero, imbaraga za transvers tensile ya nimero 400 yihanganira peteroli ya asibesitosi ya asibesitosi iratandukanye hagati yamavuta yo gusiga amavuta hamwe na lisansi yindege ku kigero cya 80%, ibyo bikaba biterwa nuko kubyimba reberi mumpapuro na lisansi yindege bikabije kuruta ibyamavuta yamavuta. Ukurikije ibimaze kuvugwa haruguru, ubushyuhe bwo gukora neza hamwe n’umuvuduko ukabije wa shitingi ya asibesitosi yo mu rugo XB450 ni 250 ° C kugeza 300 ° C na 3 3.5 MPa; ubushyuhe ntarengwa kuri nimero 400 irwanya amavuta ya asibesitosi ya reberi ni 350 ° C.

Chloride na sulfure ion zirahari murupapuro rwa asibesitosi. Icyuma cyuma gishobora kubaka vuba bateri yangirika nyuma yo gufata amazi. By'umwihariko, urupapuro rwa asibesitosi rwihanganira amavuta rufite amabuye ya sulferi aruta inshuro nyinshi kurenza urupapuro rusanzwe rwa asibesitosi, bigatuma bidakwiriye gukoreshwa mu bitangazamakuru bidafite amavuta. Mu bitangazamakuru bya peteroli na solvent, gasike izabyimba, ariko kugeza aho bigeze, ntabwo bigira ingaruka mubushobozi bwo gufunga. Kurugero, ikizamini cyo kwibiza mumasaha 24 mumavuta yindege mubushyuhe bwicyumba gikorerwa kumpapuro 400 ya rebero ya asibesitosi irwanya amavuta, kandi hateganijwe ko kwiyongera kwibiro biterwa no kwinjiza amavuta bitagomba kurenza 15%.