A valve y'iremboni valve ikoreshwa cyane muri rusange kandi ikunze gukoreshwa cyane. Ikoreshwa cyane mu bijyanye n'ibyuma, kubungabunga amazi, n'izindi nzego. Isoko ryemeye imikorere yaryo myinshi. Hamwe no kwiga valve y'irembo, ryanakoze iperereza ryimbitse ku buryo bwo gukoresha no gukemura ibibazo by'irembo.

Ibi bikurikira ni ibisobanuro birambuye ku miterere y'amavali y'irembo, ikoreshwa ryayo, gukemura ibibazo, kugenzura ubuziranenge, n'ibindi bintu biyiranga.

imiterere

Valve y'iremboImiterere igizwe n'icyuma gikingira irembo n'intebe ya valve, bikoreshwa mu kugenzura uburyo valve ifunguka n'uko ifunga. Ibice by'ibanze bya valve y'irembo birimo umubiri wayo, intebe, icyuma gikingira irembo, inkingi, ikoti, agasanduku ko gushyiramo ibintu, igipfunyika cyo gupakira, igiti, urushundura rw'intoki, n'ibindi. Ingano y'umuyoboro ishobora guhinduka kandi umuyoboro ushobora gufungwa bitewe n'uko intebe y'irembo n'intebe ya valve bihinduka. Ubuso bw'irembo n'intebe ya valve birasenywa kugira ngo valve y'irembo ifatanye neza.

Vali zo mu iremboishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: ubwoko bw'impande n'ubwoko bungana, hashingiwe ku miterere itandukanye y'ibyuma by'irembo.

Irembo rifite ishusho nk'iy'umugozi ry'agakingirizo rifunga (rifunga), rikoresheje icyuho kiri hagati y'irembo n'intebe y'agakingirizo, rikora inguni igororotse hamwe n'umurongo wo hagati w'umuyoboro. Birashoboka ko agakingirizo k'agakingirizo kagira imfizi imwe cyangwa ebyiri.

Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'amavali y'irembo ateganye: afite uburyo bwo kwagura n'adafite, kandi ubuso bwazo bwo gufunga bugororotse ku murongo wo hagati w'umuyoboro kandi buteganye. Hari amavali abiri afite uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza. Uduce tw'amavali abiri ateganye turambuka ku ntebe ya vali ku ruhande rw'umuyoboro kugira ngo tubuze umuyoboro w'amazi uko amavali amanuka. Uduce n'amarembo bizakinguka iyo amavali azamutse. Uduce dushyigikiwe n'umukoresha uri ku isahani y'irembo, uzamuka kugeza ku burebure runaka kandi ugatandukanya ubuso buhuye bw'isahani. Irembo ribiri ridafite uburyo bwo kwagura rikoresha igitutu cy'amazi kugira ngo rishyire irembo ku gice cy'igare kiri ku ruhande rw'aho vali isohoka kugira ngo rifunge amazi iyo yinjiriye mu ntebe ya vali ku mpande ebyiri z'intebe ziteganye.

Imvange z'irembo zigabanyijemo ibice bibiri: imvange z'irembo zizamuka n'imvange z'irembo zihisha bitewe n'uburyo imvange y'irembo igenda iyo irembo rifunguwe kandi rifunze. Iyo imvange y'irembo izamuka ifunguwe cyangwa ifunze, imvange y'irembo n'imvange byombi bizamuka kandi bigamanuka icyarimwe. Mu buryo bunyuranye, iyo imvange y'irembo ihishe ifunguwe cyangwa ifunze, imvange y'irembo irazamuka kandi igamanuka maze imvange izunguruka gusa. Akamaro k'imvange y'irembo izamuka ni uko uburebure bushobora kugabanuka mu gihe uburebure bw'umuyoboro bushobora kugenwa n'uburebure bw'imvange. Funga imvange uzunguruka urunigi rw'intoki cyangwa umukingo unyuranyije n'isaha mu gihe ureba.

Amahame yo guhitamo valve y'irembo n'imimerere yaryo

Valve y'irembo ifite ishusho ya V

Ibikoresho byo gukoresha mu gukora valve zo gushyiramo slab birimo:

(1) Valve y'irembo ifite imyobo yo kunyuramo ituma byoroha gusukura imiyoboro itwara gaze karemano na peteroli.

(2) Ibikoresho byo kubikamo amavuta meza n'imiyoboro.

(3) Ibikoresho byo gucukura peteroli na gaze.

(4) Sisitemu z'imiyoboro yuzuyemo uduce duto.

(5) Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ukwirakwiza gazi mu mujyi.

(6) Ubusabe bw'amazi.

Uburyo bwo guhitamo valve y'irembo rya slab:

(1) Koresha valve imwe cyangwa ebyiri z'irembo ku miyoboro itwara gaze karemano na peteroli. Koresha valve imwe y'irembo ifite valve ifunguye ifite inkingi irambuye niba ari ngombwa gusukura umuyoboro.

(2) Amavali y’irembo agororotse afite intama imwe cyangwa intama ebyiri zidafite imyobo yo guhindura imyobo akoreshwa mu gutwara amavuta meza n’ibikoresho byo kubikamo amavuta.

(3) Ibyuma by’irembo rimwe cyangwa iby’irembo bibiri bifite intebe zihishe zireremba hamwe n’imyobo yo kuzenguruka bitoranywa kugira ngo bishyirwemo icyambu cyo gucukura peteroli na gaze karemano.

(4) Amavali yo ku irembo asa n'icyuma atoranywa ku miyoboro irimo uduce duto duto.

Koresha imvange z'irembo rimwe cyangwa ebyiri zifunze neza zifite icyuma gifunga neza ku miyoboro itwara gazi mu mujyi.

(6) Irembo rimwe cyangwa ibyuma bibiri by'irembo bifite inkoni zifunguye kandi nta mwobo wo kuyobya amazi bitoranywa kugira ngo bishyirwemo amazi ya robine.

valve y'irembo ry'agace

Uburyo bwo gukoresha valve zo mu ruziga: Valve yo mu ruziga ni yo ikoreshwa cyane. Muri rusange, ntishobora gukoreshwa mu kugenzura cyangwa gufunga neza kandi ikwiriye gusa gufungura neza cyangwa gufunga neza.

Ibyuma byo gufunga bikunze gukoreshwa ahantu hafite imiterere ikomeye kandi nta mbogamizi zikomeye ku bipimo by'inyuma bya valvu. Urugero, ibice bifunga ni ngombwa kugira ngo bikomeze gufunga igihe kirekire iyo igikoresho gikoreramo kirimo ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi.

Muri rusange, ni byiza gukoresha valve y'irembo ry'umugozi mu gihe serivisi isaba imikorere myiza yo gufunga, umuvuduko mwinshi, gukata umuvuduko mwinshi (itandukaniro rikomeye ry'umuvuduko), gukata umuvuduko muto (itandukaniro rito ry'umuvuduko), urusaku ruto, gukamura no gushyushya, ubushyuhe bwinshi, ubushyuhe buringaniye, cyangwa ubushyuhe buke (cryogenic). Inganda nyinshi zikoresha ubwubatsi bw'amazi n'imyanda, harimo inganda z'amashanyarazi, gushongesha peteroli, inganda za peteroli, peteroli yo mu mazi, iterambere ry'imijyi, inganda za chimique, n'izindi.
Igipimo ngenderwaho cyo guhitamo:

(1) Ibisabwa ku miterere y'amazi y'uruvange. Uduvange tw'irembo dutoranywa kugira ngo dukoreshwe aho nta bushobozi buke bwo gutemba, ubushobozi buhagije bwo gutemba, imiterere myiza y'amazi, n'ibisabwa mu buryo bukomeye bwo gufunga.

(2) Igikoresho gifite umuvuduko mwinshi n'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Nk'ubushyuhe bwinshi, amavuta afite umuvuduko mwinshi, n'umwuka w'umwuka ufite umuvuduko mwinshi.

(3) Uburyo bwo gushyuha cyane (bufite ubushyuhe buke). Urugero: hydrogen y'amazi, ogisijeni y'amazi, ammonia y'amazi, n'ibindi bintu.

(4) Umurambararo munini n'umuvuduko muto. Nk'isukura imyanda n'amazi.

(5) Aho gushyiramo: Hitamo valve y'irembo ry'umugozi wihishe niba uburebure bwo gushyiraho bufite aho bugarukira; hitamo valve y'irembo ry'umugozi wihishe niba atari yo.

(6) Vali zo mu ruzitiro zikora neza gusa iyo zishobora gufungurwa neza cyangwa gufungwa neza; ntizishobora guhindurwa cyangwa gufungwa.

Amakosa n'Ibikoso Bisanzwe

ibibazo bisanzwe by'ingufu z'irembo n'impamvu zabyo

Ibibazo bikurikira bikunze kuvuka nyuma y’uko valve y’irembo ikoreshejwe bitewe n’ingaruka z’ubushyuhe buri hagati, umuvuduko, ingese, ndetse n’ingendo z’ibice bitandukanye bikoranaho.

(1) Gusohoka: Gusohoka hanze no gusohoka imbere ni ibyiciro bibiri. Gusohoka hanze ni ijambo gusohoka inyuma ya valve, kandi gusohoka hanze bikunze kugaragara mu dusanduku two gushyiramo ibintu no mu miyoboro ya flange.

Igipfunyika cyo gupakira kirarekuye; ubuso bw'igipfunyika cya valve burashwanyaguritse; ubwoko cyangwa ubwiza bw'igipfunyika ntibuhuye n'ibipimo; igipfunyika kirashaje cyangwa igipfunyika cya valve cyarangiritse.

Ibintu bikurikira bishobora gutera amazi ku miyoboro ya flange: ibikoresho cyangwa ingano idahagije ya gasket; ubwiza bwo gutunganya ubuso bwa flange budafite ingufu; imiyoboro idafashe neza; imiyoboro yateguwe mu buryo budafite ishingiro; hamwe n'umutwaro mwinshi ukomoka ku miyoboro.

Impamvu zitera kuva kw'imbere kwa valve zirimo: Kuva kw'imbere kwa valve guterwa no gufunga kw'ingufu bya valve guterwa no kwangirika k'ubuso bw'ingufu cyangwa umuzi w'impeta yo gufunga.

(1) Igice cy'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, agakoresho k'amashanyarazi, inkingi y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, n'ubuso bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi akenshi ni byo bibasira ingese. Igikorwa cy'ubuso n'isohoka rya iyoni mu byuzuza na gasket ni byo bintu by'ingenzi bitera ingese.

(2) Imikufi: Gushwanyagurika cyangwa gutobora ahantu runaka bibaho iyo intebe y'ikirahure n'irembo byimuka bifitanye isano mu gihe bihuye.

Gusana valve y'irembo

(1) Gukosora aho imva y'inyuma y'imvange iva

Kugira ngo hirindwe ko igitsina cy’umuntu kidahinduka kandi kigasiga icyuho cyo gupfunyika, imigozi y’igishishwa igomba kuringanizwa mbere yo gupfunyika igishishwa. Kugira ngo hirindwe ingaruka ku kuzunguruka k’igishishwa cya valve, bigatuma igishishwa gishira vuba, kandi bigabanya igihe cyo gukora, igishishwa cya valve kigomba kuzunguruka mu gihe gipfunyika igishishwa kugira ngo igishishwa kiyikikije kibe kimwe kandi hirindwe ko igitutu kidakomera cyane. Ubuso bw’igishishwa cya valve burashwanyagurika, bigatuma byoroha ko igikoresho gisohoka. Mbere yo gukoreshwa, igishishwa cya valve kigomba gutunganywa kugira ngo gikureho iminkanyari ku buso bwacyo.

Iyo gasket yangiritse, igomba gusimbuzwa. Iyo ibikoresho bya gasket byatoranijwe nabi, hagomba gutoranywa ibikoresho bishobora kuzuza ibisabwa mu ikoreshwa. Iyo ubwiza bw'ubuso bwo gufunga flange butari bwiza, ubuso bugomba gukurwaho bugasanwa. Kugeza igihe buzaba bwujuje ibisabwa, ubuso bwo gufunga flange burongera gutunganywa.

Byongeye kandi, gufunga neza imiyoboro ya flange, kubaka imiyoboro ikwiye, no kwirinda umuvuduko ukabije ku miyoboro ya flange nabyo birafasha mu gukumira amazi yo gufunga imiyoboro ya flange.

(2) Gukosora aho valve y'imbere iva

Iyo impeta yo gufunga ihambiriwe ku gice cy’icyuma cyangwa ku ntebe hakoreshejwe gukanda cyangwa gushyiramo ubudodo, gusana imyanda yo mu mutima bisaba gukuraho ubuso bwo gufunga bwangiritse n’umuzi w’icyuma cyo gufunga. Nta kibazo cy’umuzi cyangwa imyanda idafite aho ihuriye niba ubuso bwo gufunga buhita buvurwa ku gice cy’icyuma cyo gufunga n’igice cy’icyuma cyo gufunga.

Iyo ubuso bwo gufunga butunganyijwe neza ku gice cy'ingufu kandi ubuso bwo gufunga bwangiritse cyane, ubuso bwo gufunga bwangiritse bugomba kubanza gukurwaho. Iyo ubuso bwo gufunga bukozwe n'impeta yo gufunga, impeta ishaje igomba gukurwaho hanyuma hagatangwa impeta nshya yo gufunga. Impeta nshya yo gufunga igomba gukurwaho, hanyuma ubuso bwo gufunga bugashyirwamo ubundi buryo bushya bwo gufunga. Gusya bishobora gukuraho amakosa ku buso bwo gufunga bufite ingano iri munsi ya 0.05mm, harimo gushwanyagurika, ibibyimba, gushwanyagurika, gupfuka, n'ibindi bidafite akamaro.

Umuzi w'impeta yo gufunga niho amazi atangirira. Kaseti ya tetrafluoroethylene cyangwa irangi ry'umweru rinini bigomba gukoreshwa ku ntebe y'ingufu cyangwa hepfo y'umuyoboro w'impeta yo gufunga iyo bishyizweho umugozi. Iyo impeta yo gufunga ikozwe mu ruziga, kaseti ya PTFE cyangwa irangi ry'umweru rinini bigomba gukoreshwa hagati y'imigozi kugira ngo amazi adasohoka hagati y'imigozi.

(3) Gusana valves zangiritse

Uduti twa valve dukunze gushyirwamo imyobo, ariko umubiri wa valve n'agasanduku akenshi biba bifite ingese imwe. Ibikoresho bya corruption bigomba gukurwaho mbere yo gukosorwa. Niba corruption ya valve ifite imyobo, igomba gukorerwa imashini ikoresha imashini kugira ngo ikurweho icyuho hanyuma yuzuzwemo ibikoresho bizagenda birekura buhoro buhoro uko igihe kigenda gihita. Ubundi buryo, corruption igomba gusukurwa n'amazi yaciwe kugira ngo ikurweho corruption iyo ari yo yose ishobora kwangiza corruption ya valve.

(4) Gukora ku mpande zombi ku gice cyo gufunga

Gerageza kwirinda gukubagura ubuso bufunga mu gihe ukoresha valve, kandi witondere kutabufunga n'imbaraga nyinshi. Gusya bishobora gukuraho iminkanyari ku buso bufunga.

Gusuzuma valve enye z'irembo

Uturinda tw'icyuma turimo igice kinini cy'isoko n'ibyo abakoresha bakeneye muri iki gihe. Ugomba kuba uzi igenzura ry'ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa ndetse n'ibicuruzwa ubwabyo kugira ngo ube umugenzuzi mwiza w'ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa.

ibintu byo kugenzura icyuma gikingira amarembo

Ibimenyetso, ubugari bw'urukuta, ibizamini by'umuvuduko, ibizamini by'ibishishwa, nibindi ni bimwe mu bigize ibipimo. Ubugari bw'urukuta, umuvuduko, n'ibizamini by'ibishishwa ni bimwe muri byo kandi ni ibintu by'ingenzi mu igenzura. Ibicuruzwa bidafite ishingiro bishobora gusuzumwa burundu niba hari ibintu bidafite ishingiro.

Muri make, nta gushidikanya ko igenzura ry’ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa ari cyo cyiciro cy’ingenzi cyane mu igenzura ryuzuye ry’ibicuruzwa. Nitumenya neza ibintu byagenzuwe gusa, ni bwo dushobora gukora akazi keza ko kugenzura. Nk’abakozi bashinzwe kugenzura, ni ngombwa ko dukomeza kunoza ubuziranenge bwacu.