1. Intangiriro ku mavaluvu y'irembo

1.1. Ihame ry'imikorere n'imikorere ya valves z'irembo:

Amavali yo mu irembo ari mu cyiciro cy'amavali yo gukata, ubusanzwe ishyirwa ku miyoboro ifite umurambararo urenze 100mm, kugira ngo ihagarike cyangwa ihuze inzira y'ibice biri mu muyoboro. Kubera ko disiki ya valve iri mu bwoko bw'irembo, muri rusange yitwa valve y'irembo. Valve z'irembo zifite ibyiza byo guhinduranya akazi gaciriritse no kudakoresha amazi menshi. Ariko, ubuso bwo gufunga bushobora kwangirika no gusohoka, aho bifungurira ni hanini, kandi kubungabunga biragoye. Valve z'irembo ntizishobora gukoreshwa nk'ibyuma bigenzura kandi zigomba kuba zifunguye neza cyangwa zifunze neza. Ihame ry'imikorere ni iri: iyo valve y'irembo ifunze, igice cya valve kimanuka kandi cyishingikiriza ku gice cyo gufunga valve y'irembo n'ubuso bwo gufunga icyicaro cya valve kugira ngo bibe byoroshye cyane, bigororotse kandi bihamye, bifatanye kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibyuma bisohoka, kandi byishingikiriza ku gice cyo hejuru kugira ngo byongere ingaruka zo gufunga. Igice cyayo cyo gufunga kigenda gihagaze ku murongo wo hagati. Hari ubwoko bwinshi bwa valve z'irembo, zishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bwa wedge n'ubwoko bungana hakurikijwe ubwoko. Buri bwoko bugabanijwemo irembo rimwe n'irembo ribiri.

1.2 Imiterere:

Umubiri w'ikirahure cy'irembo ufata uburyo bwo kwifunga. Uburyo bwo guhuza hagati y'igipfukisho cya valvu n'umubiri w'ikirahure ni ugukoresha igitutu cyo hejuru cy'icyuma kiri muri valvu kugira ngo ukandagire igipfukisho cyo gufunga kugira ngo ugere ku ntego yo gufunga. Igipfukisho cyo gufunga valvu cy'irembo gifunze n'icyuma gipfukishwa asbestos gifite umuvuduko mwinshi ukoresheje insinga y'umuringa.

Imiterere ya valve y'irembo igizwe ahanini naumubiri wa valve, igifuniko cya valve, inkingi, igice cya valve, disiki za valve z'ibumoso n'iburyo, igikoresho cyo gufunga ibintu, nibindi.

Ibikoresho by'umubiri w'imvange bigabanyijemo icyuma cya karuboni n'icyuma cya alloy hakurikijwe igitutu n'ubushyuhe bw'umuyoboro w'amazi. Muri rusange, umubiri w'imvange ukozwe mu bikoresho bya alloy bya valves bishyirwa mu buryo bw'umwuka ushyushye cyane, t ＞ 450℃ cyangwa birenga, nk'amavali yo mu mashini zisohora amazi muri boiler. Ku mavali ashyirwa mu buryo bw'amazi cyangwa imiyoboro ifite ubushyuhe buringaniye t ≤ 450℃, ibikoresho by'umubiri w'imvange bishobora kuba icyuma cya karuboni.

Muri rusange, valve zo mu rugi zishyirwa mu miyoboro y'amazi ashyushye ifite DN≥ mm 100. Ingano y'umurambararo w'ibyuma byo mu rugi muri boiler ya WGZ1045/17.5-1 muri Zhangshan Phase I ni DN300, DNl25 na DNl00.

2. Uburyo bwo kubungabunga valve y'irembo

2.1 Gusesa valve:

2.1.1 Kuraho imigozi yo gufata ku gipfundikizo cyo hejuru cy'umupfundikizo wa valve, kura imigozi y'imigozi ine ku gipfundikizo cya valve yo kuzamura, hindura umugozi wa valve unyurane n'isaha kugira ngo utandukanye umugozi wa valve n'umubiri wa valve, hanyuma ukoreshe igikoresho cyo kuzamura kugira ngo uzamure umugozi hasi uwushyire ahantu hakwiye. Aho umugozi wa valve uherereye hagomba gusenywa no gusuzumwa.

2.1.2 Kuramo impeta ifata ku mubiri w'ingunguru ifunga impeta y'inzira enye, kanda umupfundikizo wa valve hasi ukoresheje igikoresho cyabugenewe kugira ngo habeho icyuho hagati y'umupfundikizo wa valve n'umupfundikizo w'inzira enye. Hanyuma ukuremo impeta y'inzira enye mu bice. Hanyuma, koresha igikoresho cyo guterura kugira ngo uzamure umupfundikizo wa valve hamwe n'umugongo wa valve na disiki ya valve mu mubiri w'ingunguru. Bishyire aho bikorerwa, kandi witondere kugira ngo wirinde kwangirika k'ubuso bw'ingunguru ya valve.

2.1.3 Sukura imbere mu gice cy'imbere cy'agapfunyika, urebe uko agace k'agapfunyika gahagaze, hanyuma umenye uburyo bwo kugafata. Upfuke agapfunyika kamenetse ukoresheje agapfunyika cyangwa igipfundikizo cyihariye, hanyuma ushyireho agapfundikizo.

2.1.4 Kuramo imigozi y'agasanduku ko gushyiramo ibintu ku gipfundikizo cya valve. Agace ko gupakira kararekuye, kandi igice cya valve kirapfundikirwa.

2.1.5 Kuraho udukingirizo two hejuru n'utwo hasi tw'umuyoboro wa disiki ya valve, utwo dukingirizo, ukuremo disiki ya valve y'ibumoso n'iy'iburyo, hanyuma ugumane igice cyo hejuru n'udukingirizo tw'imbere. Pima ubugari bwose bwa gasket hanyuma ufate inyandiko.

2.2 Gusana ibice bya valve:

2.2.1 Igice cy'intebe y'irembo kigomba gusya hakoreshejwe igikoresho cyihariye cyo gusya (imbunda yo gusya, nibindi). Gusya bishobora gukorwa n'umucanga wo gusya cyangwa igitambaro cya emery. Uburyo kandi ni ugusya kuva ku gikakaye kugeza ku gito, hanyuma bigasozwa.

2.2.2 Igice cy’aho disiki ya valve ihurira gishobora gusya hakoreshejwe intoki cyangwa imashini isya. Iyo hari imyobo miremire cyangwa imiyoboro ku buso, gishobora koherezwa mu cyuma gisya cyangwa icyuma gisya kugira ngo gitunganywe, hanyuma kigaseswa nyuma yuko byose bingana.

2.2.3 Sukura umupfundikizo wa valve no gufunga, ukureho ingese ku nkuta z'imbere n'inyuma z'impeta y'umuvuduko wo gupakira, kugira ngo impeta y'umuvuduko ibashe gushyirwa neza mu gice cyo hejuru cy'umupfundikizo wa valve, byoroshye gukanda impata yo gufunga.

2.2.4 Sukura ipaki mu gasanduku k'impapuro zishyirwamo inkingi, urebe niba impeta y'imbere y'intebe ipakiyemo imeze neza, icyuho kiri hagati y'umwobo w'imbere n'inkingi kigomba kuba cyujuje ibisabwa, kandi impeta y'inyuma n'urukuta rw'imbere rw'agasanduku k'impapuro ntibigomba gufatirwamo.

2.2.5 Sukura ingese ku gipfunyika cyo gupakira n'agapira gapima, kandi ubuso bugomba kuba busukuye kandi butagira inenge. Icyuho kiri hagati y'umwobo w'imbere w'igipfunyika n'igiti kigomba kuba cyujuje ibisabwa, kandi urukuta rw'inyuma n'agasanduku ko gushyiramo ibintu ntibigomba gufatirwa, bitabaye ibyo bigomba gusanwa.

2.2.6 Kuramo umugozi wo ku ruhande, reba neza ko igice cy’umugozi kigomba kuba cyarangiritse kandi ko umugozi wuzuye. Ushobora kuwuzungurutsa gato ku muzi w’umugozi n’intoki, maze umugozi ugakwiye kuzunguruka neza.

2.2.7 Sukura ingese ku buso bw'umugozi w'imashini, urebe niba ugonze, hanyuma uwugorore nibiba ngombwa. Igice cy'umugozi wa trapezoidal kigomba kuba gitunganye, kidafite imigozi yacitse cyangwa yangiritse, kandi ushyireho ifu y'ubutare nyuma yo gusukura.

2.2.8 Sukura impeta y'impeta enye, hanyuma ubuso bube bwiza. Nta mpande zigomba kuba zirimo uduce duto cyangwa uduce twinshi.

2.2.9 Buri boliti yo gufatanya igomba gusukurwa, umugozi ugomba kuba wuzuye kandi woroshye, kandi igice cy'imigozi kigomba gusigwa ifu y'ubutare.

2.2.10 Sukura imbuto y'igiti n'ubwiza bw'imbere:

① Kuraho imisumari yo gufunga ya nut yo gufunga stem n'aho iherereye, hanyuma ukureho screw yo gufunga strike mu buryo bunyuranyije n'isaha.

② Kuramo imbuto y'igiti, icyuma gifata imisatsi, n'icyuma gifata imisatsi, hanyuma ubisukure ukoresheje peteroli. Reba niba icyuma gifata imisatsi kizunguruka neza kandi niba icyuma gifata imisatsi gifite imiyoboro.

③ Sukura imbuto y'igiti, urebe niba umugozi w'imbere w'urwego rw'ingazi nta kibazo ufite, kandi ko imisumari yo kuyishyiraho igomba kuba ikomeye kandi yizewe. Ubusa bw'urukuta rugomba kuba bwujuje ibisabwa, bitabaye ibyo rugomba gusimburwa.

④ Shyira amavuta ku gikoresho cyo gufunga hanyuma uyishyire mu gice cy'umuti. Huza umusenyi wa disiki uko bikenewe hanyuma wongere uyishyiremo uko bikurikirana. Hanyuma, funga ukoresheje umusenyi wo gufunga hanyuma uyishyireho vis.

2.3 Guteranya valve y'irembo:

2.3.1 Shyiramo disiki z'ibumoso n'iburyo zasibwe ku mpeta y'icyuma gifunga icyuma hanyuma uzishyireho udukingirizo two hejuru n'utwo hepfo. Agasanduku ko hejuru n'agasanduku gashobora guterwa bigomba gushyirwa imbere hakurikijwe uko igenzura rihagaze.

2.3.2 Shyiramo agati k'umugozi n'agasanduku k'umugozi mu ntebe y'umugozi kugira ngo bigenzurwe. Nyuma yuko agasanduku k'umugozi n'agasanduku k'umugozi bihuye neza, agasanduku k'umugozi gakwiye kuba kari hejuru y'agasanduku k'umugozi kandi kujuje ibisabwa mu bwiza. Bitabaye ibyo, ubugari bwa gasket iri hejuru y'isi yose bugomba guhindurwa kugeza igihe bukwiriye, kandi gasket ihagarara igomba gukoreshwa mu kuyifunga kugira ngo idagwa.

2.3.3 Sukura igice cy'umuyoboro wa valve, hanagura intebe ya valve na disiki ya valve. Hanyuma shyira inkingi ya valve na disiki ya valve mu ntebe ya valve hanyuma ushyiremo umupfundikizo wa valve.

2.3.4 Shyira agapfunyika ko gufunga ku gice cyifunga cyonyine cy'umupfundikizo wa valve uko bikenewe. Ibipimo byo gupfunyika n'umubare w'impeta bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa. Igice cyo hejuru cy'agapfunyika gikandagirwaho impeta y'umuvuduko hanyuma kigafungwa n'isahani yo gupfunyikaho.

2.3.5 Ongera uteranye impeta enye mo ibice, hanyuma ukoreshe impeta ifata kugira ngo wirinde kugwa, hanyuma ukomeze umugozi w'icyuma giterura umupfundikizo w'agapira.

2.3.6 Uzuza agasanduku ko gufunga igiti cya valve ukoresheje uburyo bwo gupakira uko bikenewe, shyiramo agace k'ibikoresho n'agapira k'umuvuduko, hanyuma ukabihambire ukoresheje utugozi tw'ingofero.

2.3.7 Ongera uteranye uruziga rw'igifuniko cy'imvange, uzengurutse igiti cyo hejuru cy'imvange kugira ngo uruziga rugwe ku gice cy'imvange, hanyuma ugishyiremo imigozi ihuza kugira ngo wirinde kugwa.

2.3.8 Ongera uteranye igikoresho gikoresha amashanyarazi cya valve; uruziga rwo hejuru rw'igice gihuza rugomba gukazwa kugira ngo rutagwa, kandi ugerageze n'intoki niba switch ya valve irahindagurika.

2.3.9 Izina ry'agapira k'amashanyarazi rirasobanutse neza, nta kibazo kandi ni ryo. Inyandiko z'isukura zuzuye kandi zirasobanutse; kandi zemewe kandi zujuje ibisabwa.

2.3.10 Uburyo bwo gukingira imiyoboro n'ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa valve byarangiye, kandi aho ibikorwa byo kubungabunga ibintu bisukuye.

3. Ibipimo ngenderwaho by'ubuziranenge bw'ingufu zo kubungabunga irembo

3.1 Igice cy'umuvuduko w'ingufu:

3.1.1 Igice cy'umuyoboro kigomba kuba kidafite inenge nk'imyobo y'umucanga, imyanya n'isuri, kandi kigomba gufatwa neza nyuma yo kuvumburwa.

3.1.2 Nta myanda igomba kuba iri mu gice cy'imbere cy'uruvange n'umuyoboro, kandi aho yinjira n'aho asohokera bigomba kuba bitabangamiye.

3.1.3 Igikoresho cyo hasi cy'agace k'ingufu kigomba kwemeza ko gifunga neza kandi nta gusohoka kw'amazi.

3.2 Urufatiro rw'ingufu:

3.2.1 Ingano yo kugonda kw'umugozi w'ingufu ntigomba kurenza 1/1000 cy'uburebure bwose, bitabaye ibyo igomba kugororwa cyangwa gusimbuzwa.

3.2.2 Igice cy'umugozi wa trapezoidal cy'umugozi wa valve kigomba kuba gitunganye, kidafite inenge nk'imigozi yacitse n'imigozi iruma, kandi ubusaza ntibugomba kurenza 1/3 cy'ubugari bw'umugozi wa trapezoidal.

3.2.3 Ubuso bugomba kuba bworoshye kandi budafite ingese. Nta ngese zirimo utudomo cyangwa uduce duto two gutandukanya ubuso ku gice gifatanye n'agapfunyika. Ubujyakuzimu bw'aho ingese bungana na mm 0.25 bugomba gusimburwa. Iherezo rigomba kwemezwa ko riri hejuru ya ▽6.

3.2.4 Umugozi uhuza ugomba kuba umeze neza kandi agapira gakwiye gukomezwa neza.

3.2.5 Uruvange rw'inkoni yo gutema n'inkoni yo gutema bigomba kuba byoroshye, nta gufungana mu gihe cyo gukanda burundu, kandi umugozi ugomba gusigwa ifu y'ubutare kugira ngo igire amavuta kandi irindwe.

3.3 Ikimenyetso cyo gupakira:

3.3.1 Umuvuduko n'ubushyuhe bikoreshwa mu gupakira bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa n'icyuma gikingira. Igicuruzwa kigomba kuba kiri kumwe n'icyemezo cy'uko gihuye n'icyo gikoresho cyangwa kikagenzurwa n'igenzura ryacyo.

3.3.2 Ibipimo by'ibipaki bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa ku bunini bw'agasanduku ko gufunga. Ibipaki binini cyane cyangwa bito cyane ntibigomba gukoreshwa ahubwo. Uburebure bw'ibipaki bugomba kuba bwujuje ibisabwa ku bunini bwa valve, kandi hagasigara uburebure bwo gufunga ubushyuhe.

3.3.3 Aho gupakira hagomba gucibwa mu buryo bugororotse bufite inguni ya 45°. Aho buri ruziga ruhurira hagomba guhindagurika hagati ya 90°-180°. Uburebure bw'aho gupakira nyuma yo gukata bugomba kuba bukwiye. Nta cyuho cyangwa intera igomba kubaho ku ruhande iyo ishyizwe mu gasanduku ko gupakira.

3.3.4 Impeta yo gupakira n'agace ko gupakira bigomba kuba bizima kandi bidafite ingese. Agasanduku ko gupakira kagomba kuba gasukuye kandi koroshye. Icyuho kiri hagati y'inkoni y'irembo n'impeta y'intebe kigomba kuba hagati ya mm 0.1-0.3, ntarengwa kirenze mm 0.5. Icyuho kiri hagati y'agace ko gupakira, impera y'inyuma y'impeta y'intebe n'urukuta rw'imbere rw'agasanduku ko gupakira kigomba kuba hagati ya mm 0.2-0.3, ntarengwa kirenze mm 0.5.

3.3.5 Nyuma yo gufunga imigozi, icyuma gikingira kigomba kuguma gihagaze neza kandi imbaraga zo gufunga zigomba kuba zimwe. Umwobo w'imbere w'igipfunyika cyo gupakira n'aho uruziga rukikije umugozi w'ingufu bigomba kuba bingana. Igipfunyika cyo gupakira kigomba gushyirwa mu cyumba cyo gupakira kugeza kuri 1/3 cy'uburebure bwacyo.

3.4 Ubuso bwo gufunga:

3.4.1 Ubuso bwo gufunga bwa disiki ya valve n'intebe ya valve nyuma yo kugenzura bugomba kuba budafite utudomo n'imirongo, kandi igice cyo gufataho kigomba kuba kirenze 2/3 by'ubugari bwa disiki ya valve, kandi iherezo ry'ubuso rigomba kugera kuri ▽10 cyangwa birenga.

3.4.2 Mu guteranya disiki ya valve yo gupima, igice cy'imbere cya valve kigomba kuba kiri hejuru ya mm 5-7 ugereranyije n'intebe ya valve nyuma yuko disiki ya valve ishyizwe mu ntebe ya valve kugira ngo ifunze neza.

3.4.3 Mu guteranya disiki za valve z'ibumoso n'iburyo, uburyo bwo kuzihindura bugomba kuba bworoshye, kandi igikoresho kirwanya kugwa kigomba kuba gihamye kandi cyizewe. 3.5 Uduti tw'igiti:

3.5.1 Umugozi w'imbere w'igikoni ugomba kuba umeze neza, udafite imigozi yacitse cyangwa isanzwe, kandi uburyo bwo gufatanya n'igikoni bugomba kuba bwizewe kandi budacitse intege.

3.5.2 Ibice byose by'icyuma bigomba kuba bizima kandi bizunguruka neza. Nta mvune, ingese, uruhu ruremereye cyangwa ibindi bisebe bigomba kuba ku buso bw'imbere n'inyuma bw'amaboko n'udupira tw'icyuma.

3.5.3 Isoko ry'imashini rigomba kuba ridafite imyanya n'ihindagurika, bitabaye ibyo rigomba gusimbuzwa. 3.5.4 Udupira two gufata ku buso bw'imashini ifunga ntitugomba kuba turekuye. Imashini izunguruka mu buryo bworoshye kandi ikareba ko hari umwanya utarenze 0.35 mm.