Imipira ya PVC ifite uruhare runini mukurinda ibibazo byamazi muguhuza igihe kirekire, ubworoherane, kandi buhendutse. Ubwubatsi bwabo bukomeye UPVC burwanya ruswa, butuma imikorere yigihe kirekire ndetse no mubidukikije bigoye. Igishushanyo cyoroheje cyoroshya kwishyiriraho no gukora, bigatuma bigera kubanyamwuga ndetse na banyiri amazu.
Iyi mibande nziza cyane mugucunga amazi neza. Uburyo bwa kimwe cya kane buhindura abakoresha guhagarika byihuse cyangwa gutangira gutemba, kugabanya imyanda n’amazi. Byongeye kandi, imiterere yimbere yimbere igabanya kwiyubaka, kwemeza kubungabunga no gukora neza. Nkibicuruzwa biva hejuru ya pvc ball valve ikora uruganda kwisi, batanga ubuziranenge butagereranywa kandi butandukanye kubikorwa bitandukanye.
Ibyingenzi
- Imipira yumupira wa PVC irakomeye kandi ntigire ingese, nuko imara igihe kirekire.
- Nibyoroshye kandi byoroshye gushiraho ibyiza na DIYers.
- Ihinduka ryoroshye rya kane rihagarika amazi vuba, irinda kumeneka no guta imyanda.
- Kugenzura no kubisiga amavuta akenshi bibafasha kumara igihe kinini.
- Kugura indangagaciro nziza mubirango byizewe bituma zitekana kandi zizewe.
- Imipira ya PVC ikora neza mumazu, mubucuruzi, no muruganda.
- Ibyambu byuzuye byuzuye muri sisitemu nini bituma amazi atemba vuba kandi neza.
- Ongeramo imipira ya PVC irashobora guhagarika kwangirika kwamazi no kuzigama amafaranga.
Gusobanukirwa Imipira ya PVC
Nibihe bya PVC Umupira?
PVC imipirani kimwe cya kane-gihinduranya cyagenewe kugenzura imigendekere yamazi binyuze muri sisitemu. Biranga umupira wuzuye, usobekeranye uzunguruka mumubiri wa valve kugirango yemere cyangwa ahagarike amazi. Muguhindura ikiganza dogere 90, abayikoresha barashobora gufungura cyangwa gufunga valve byoroshye. Iyi mibande ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byo guturamo, ubucuruzi, ninganda kubera kwizerwa no gukora neza.
PVC, cyangwa polyvinyl chloride, nibikoresho byibanze bikoreshwa muriyi mibande. Itanga uburyo bwiza bwo kurwanya ruswa, bigatuma ikoreshwa neza mu gukoresha amazi, umwuka, amavuta, ndetse n’amazi yangirika. Ababikora benshi, barimo Ningbo Pntek Technology Co., Ltd., bashushanya imipira ya PVC yujuje ubuziranenge bwinganda nka ISO 5211 na GB / T21465-2008, byemeza guhuza no gukora.
Icyitonderwa: Imipira ya PVC iraboneka muburyo bubiri nuburyo butatu, bujyanye no gukwirakwiza amazi atandukanye hamwe ninganda zikenewe.
Ibyingenzi byingenzi biranga umupira wa PVC
Imipira yumupira wa PVC izwiho ibintu bidasanzwe, bituma bahitamo ibyifuzo bitandukanye:
- Igishushanyo cyoroheje: Ibikoresho bya PVC biroroshye cyane kuruta icyuma, koroshya kwishyiriraho no gukora.
- Kurwanya ruswa: Iyi mibande irwanya kwangirika kwa acide, alkalis, namazi yumunyu, bigatuma iramba.
- Imikorere myiza ya kashe: Ibikoresho byiza byo gufunga neza nka PTFE cyangwa EPDM bitanga ibikorwa-bitamenyekana.
- Ikiguzi-Cyiza: Imipira ya PVC irhendutse kuruta ibyuma byabo, itanga igisubizo cyingengo yimari.
- Kubungabunga bike: Ubuso bwimbere bwimbere bugabanya kwambara no kurira, bikagabanya gukenera gusanwa kenshi.
Ikiranga | Ibisobanuro |
---|---|
Umucyo | Ibikoresho bya PVC bifite ubucucike buke kandi biroroshye kubyitwaramo mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho. |
Kurwanya ruswa | Ihangane itangazamakuru ryangirika nka acide na alkalis kugirango ikoreshwe cyane. |
Kwambara Kurwanya | Ubuso bworoshye hamwe no guterana amagambo byemeza kuramba nubwo byakoreshwa kenshi. |
Ikidodo ciza | Gufunga impeta bikozwe muri PTFE byemeza neza imikorere ya kashe. |
Ubwoko bwa PVC Umupira
Ubumwe bumwe nubumwe bubiri
Ubumwe bumwe hamwe nububiko bubiri PVC imipira itandukanye muburyo bwabo bwo guhuza. Ihuriro rimwe ryubumwe rifite impera imwe itandukana, ryemerera gusenywa igice mugihe cyo kubungabunga. Ibinyuranyo, ibice bibiri byubumwe biranga impera ebyiri zitandukana, bigafasha kuvana burundu kumuyoboro. Ibice bibiri byubumwe nibyiza kuri sisitemu isaba guhanagura kenshi cyangwa gusimburwa, mugihe indangagaciro imwe yubumwe ihuye nuburyo bworoshye.
Icyambu Cyuzuye Icyambu gisanzwe
Icyambu cyuzuye hamwe nicyambu gisanzwe PVC imipira iratandukanye mubunini bwimbere. Icyambu cyuzuye cyuzuye gifite gufungura bingana na diameter ya pipe, byemeza ko kugabanuka gutembera. Igishushanyo kibereye porogaramu zisaba umuvuduko mwinshi hamwe nigitonyanga gito. Kuruhande rwicyambu gisanzwe, gifite bore ntoya, igabanya gato gutembera ariko irahagije kubikoresha byinshi mubucuruzi no mubucuruzi.
Inama: Ibyambu byuzuye byuzuye birasabwa kuri sisitemu aho gukomeza gukora neza cyane ari ngombwa, nko kuhira cyangwa gutunganya inganda.
Ibibazo by'amazi byakemuwe na PVC Umupira
Kwirinda kumeneka no kwangirika kwamazi
PVC imipiraGira uruhare runini mukurinda kumeneka no kugabanya kwangirika kwamazi muri sisitemu yo gukoresha amazi. Igishushanyo cyabo cyemerera guhita uhagarika amazi atemba hamwe na kimwe cya kane-cyoroshye cyo gufata. Iki gikorwa cyihuse kigabanya cyane ibyago byo kumeneka mugihe cyo gusana cyangwa kubungabunga. Byongeye kandi, kashe ifatanye itangwa nibikoresho byujuje ubuziranenge nka PTFE ituma nta mazi yatoroka, kabone niyo haba hari umuvuduko mwinshi.
Inama: Gushyira imipira yumupira wa PVC ahantu hakunze gukonjeshwa birashobora kubuza amazi kuguma mu miyoboro, bikagabanya amahirwe yo guturika mu gihe cyubukonje.
Imbonerahamwe ikurikira iragaragaza ibibazo bisanzwe byamazi nuburyo PVC yumupira wumupira ubikemura:
Ikibazo Cyamazi | Gukemura hamwe na PVC Umupira |
---|---|
Gukosora | Gufunga byihuse bigabanya kumeneka kandi bikarinda guta amazi. |
Kurinda Umwanda | Ikidodo gifatika cyemeza ko nta mazi asigaye ahantu hashobora gukonja. |
Gucunga Amazi n’umuvuduko | Igenga imigezi yo kuhira kandi ikomeza umuvuduko mu mazi. |
Kugenzura Urujya n'uruza muri pisine na Spas | Igumana umuvuduko uhamye wo gukora neza ibikoresho. |
Umuvuduko muke winganda zikoreshwa | Nibyiza mugucunga imigendekere mubikorwa nko gutunganya amazi. |
Mu kwinjiza imipira ya PVC muri sisitemu yo gukoresha amazi, banyiri amazu hamwe nababigize umwuga barashobora kurinda ibyangiritse byamazi kandi bigacunga neza amazi.
Gucunga neza Amazi
PVC imipira yumupira mwiza mugucunga neza amazi mubikorwa bitandukanye. Imiterere yimbere yimbere igabanya ubukana, ituma amazi atemba yisanzuye nta gitutu gikomeye kigabanuka. Iyi mikorere ni ingirakamaro cyane muri sisitemu yo kuhira, aho gukomeza umuvuduko w'amazi uhoraho ni ngombwa kugirango bikore neza.
Mubikorwa byubucuruzi, imipira ya PVC yerekana kwizerwa bidasanzwe no kuramba. Barwanya ibidukikije bikaze, barwanya ruswa ituruka ku miti, kandi bisaba kubungabungwa bike. Ibiranga bituma biba byiza gukoreshwa muri sisitemu yo gukoresha amazi, gutunganya imiti, gutunganya amazi, na sisitemu ya HVAC.
Icyitonderwa.
Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana ibintu byingenzi bigira uruhare mubikorwa byabo:
Ikiranga | Ibisobanuro |
---|---|
Kwizerwa | Imipira ya PVC izwiho kwizerwa mubikorwa bitandukanye. |
Kuramba | Biraramba kandi birashobora kwihanganira ibidukikije bikaze bititesha agaciro. |
Kurwanya ruswa | PVC irwanya ruswa ituruka kuri acide, alkalis, namazi yumunyu. |
Ikiguzi-Cyiza | Birahendutse cyane ugereranije nibyuma. |
Kuborohereza | Igishushanyo cyabo cyoroheje cyoroshya kwishyiriraho, kugabanya ibiciro byakazi. |
Kubungabunga bike | Imipira ya PVC isaba kubungabungwa bike, bigatuma ikoreshwa neza. |
Kworoshya Kubungabunga no Gusana
Imipira ya PVC yoroshya kubungabunga no gusana, bigatuma bahitamo sisitemu yo gukoresha amazi. Igishushanyo mbonera cyimbere kigabanya kwiyongera kwanduye, kwemeza ko isuku yihuse kandi nta kibazo. Guhindura kashe hamwe nintebe birashobora gukorwa udakuyeho valve kumuyoboro, bigatwara igihe n'imbaraga mugihe cyo gusana.
Igenzura risanzwe hamwe nubuvuzi bwibanze, nko gukoresha amavuta kumaboko ya valve, kwemeza imikorere myiza no kongera igihe cya valve. Iyi valve yagenewe gusenywa byoroshye, ituma abayikoresha basimbuza ibice bishaje nta mfashanyo yabigize umwuga.
Impanuro: Teganya buri gihe kugenzura kugirango umenye ibibazo bishobora kuvuka hakiri kare kandi ukomeze imikorere ya valve mugihe.
Mugutezimbere imirimo yo kubungabunga, imipira yumupira wa PVC igabanya igihe cyo hasi kandi ikazamura imikorere rusange ya sisitemu yo gukoresha amazi. Igishushanyo mbonera cyabakoresha cyemeza ko nabatari abanyamwuga bashobora gukora ibikorwa byibanze, bikababera igisubizo gifatika kubikorwa byo guturamo nubucuruzi.
Kuzamura kuramba kwa sisitemu yo gukoresha amazi
Imipira ya PVC yongerera cyane kuramba kwa sisitemu yo gutanga amazi itanga uburebure butagereranywa no kwihanganira kwambara. Ubwubatsi bwabo buva mubikoresho byiza bya UPVC byemeza ko bikomeza gukora no mubidukikije bigoye. Bitandukanye n’ibyuma, bikunda kwangirika no kwangirika, imipira yumupira wa PVC igumana ubusugire bwayo iyo ihuye namazi, imiti, nubushyuhe bwimihindagurikire. Uku kwihangana kugabanya gukenera gusimburwa kenshi, bigatuma bahitamo ikiguzi cyo gukoresha igihe kirekire.
Wari ubizi?
Imiyoboro ya PVC na valve birashobora kumara imyaka 100 cyangwa irenga mugihe cyiza, bigatuma iba imwe mumahitamo arambye ya sisitemu yo gukoresha amazi.
Imiti irwanya PVC igira uruhare runini kuramba. Irinda ibintu kwangirika iyo ihuye nibintu byangirika nka acide, alkalis, cyangwa amazi yumunyu. Iyi mikorere ni ingirakamaro cyane mubikorwa byinganda n’ubuhinzi, aho sisitemu yo gukoresha amazi ikunze guhura n’imiti ikaze. Mu kurwanya ruswa, imipira ya PVC itanga imikorere myiza kandi igabanya ibyago byo kumeneka cyangwa kunanirwa mugihe.
Ibintu byingenzi bigira uruhare mu kuramba kuramba kwa PVC imipira irimo:
- Kurwanya ruswa: PVC ntishobora kubora cyangwa kubora, ndetse no mubidukikije bifite ubuhehere bwinshi cyangwa imiti.
- Ibikoresho biramba: Ikidodo cyiza-cyiza, nkicyakozwe muri PTFE, gitanga imikorere idashobora kumeneka no kwihanganira kwambara.
- Kwihanganira Ubushyuhe: Imipira ya PVC ikora neza muburyo bwubushyuhe butandukanye, itanga imikorere ihamye mubihe bitandukanye.
- Ibisabwa Kubungabunga bike: Imiterere yimbere yimbere igabanya kwiyubaka, bikagabanya gukenera kenshi gusanwa cyangwa gusanwa.
Igishushanyo cyoroheje cyimipira ya PVC nayo igira uruhare mu kuramba. Gupima agace gato k'ibyuma, bitera imbaraga nke kuri sisitemu yo kuvoma. Iyi mikorere igabanya imbaraga ku ngingo no guhuza, bikongerera igihe cyo kubaho kwumuyoboro wose wamazi.
Inama: Kugenzura buri gihe no kubitaho byibanze, nko gusiga amavuta ya valve, birashobora gukoresha igihe kinini cyimipira yumupira wa PVC no kwemeza imikorere myiza.
Mugushyiramo imipira ya PVC muri sisitemu yo gukoresha amazi, banyiri amazu hamwe nababigize umwuga barashobora kugera ku gisubizo kirambye, gike-gike gihagaze neza mugihe cyigihe. Ubushobozi bwabo bwo kurwanya ruswa, kugumana ubusugire bwimiterere, no kugabanya inshuro zabasimbuye bituma bakora ikintu ntagereranywa kubintu byose bigezweho.
Nigute washyira PVC Umupira
Kwishyiriraho neza imipira ya PVC itanga imikorere myiza kandi ikarinda ibibazo byamazi. Gukurikiza inzira nziza no gukoresha ibikoresho byiza birashobora gutuma inzira igororoka kandi neza.
Ibikoresho nibikoresho bisabwa
Mbere yo gutangira kwishyiriraho, kusanya ibikoresho byose bikenewe kugirango ibikoresho bigende neza. Ibintu bikurikira ni ngombwa:
- Umupira: Hitamo valve yo murwego rwohejuru ihuye nubunini bwumuyoboro wa PVC.
- Imiyoboro ya PVC: Menya neza ko ari diameter ikwiye n'uburebure bwa sisitemu.
- PVC primer na sima: Ibi nibyingenzi mugushiraho umutekano kandi utemba.
- Teflon kaseti: Koresha ibi kugirango ushireho umurongo uhujwe neza.
- Hacksaw: Mugukata imiyoboro ya PVC kuburebure busabwa.
- Gupima kaseti: Kugirango umenye neza ibipimo.
- Ikimenyetso: Kugirango ushireho ingingo zo gukata kumuyoboro.
- Rags: Gusukura primer cyangwa sima birenze mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho.
- Guhindura: Kugirango ushimangire umurongo uhujwe.
Inama: Buri gihe ukoreshe ibikoresho byujuje ubuziranenge kugirango uzamure kandi wizere bya sisitemu yawe.
Intambwe ku yindi Gahunda yo Kwishyiriraho
Gutegura Imiyoboro na Valve
- Zimya amazi: Menya neza ko amazi nyamukuru atangwa kugirango wirinde impanuka mugihe cyo kuyishyiraho.
- Gupima kandi ushireho akamenyetso: Koresha kaseti yo gupima na marikeri kugirango umenye aho valve izashyirwa.
- Kata umuyoboro: Koresha hackaw kugirango ukore isuku, igororotse kumurongo wateganijwe.
- Sukura impera: Kuraho imyanda iyo ari yo yose iva mu muyoboro no guhuza valve ukoresheje igitambaro.
- Koresha primer: Kwambika umuyoboro urangira n'imbere ya valve ihuza na primer ya PVC kugirango ubategure guhuza.
Gufatanya no Kurinda Agaciro
- Koresha sima: Gukwirakwiza inanutse, ndetse igizwe na sima hejuru yimbere yimbere yumuyoboro uhuza hamwe na valve ihuza.
- Ongeraho umuyoboro wa mbere: Shyiramo impera imwe yumuyoboro muri valve hanyuma uyifate mumasegonda make kugirango sima ishire.
- Ongeraho umuyoboro wa kabiri: Subiramo inzira kurundi ruhande rwa valve, urebe neza guhuza.
- Koresha kaseti ya Teflon: Kizingira kaseti ya Teflon hafi yinyuzi zose zabagabo kugirango ukore kashe ikomeye.
- Guhuza umutekano: Kenyera imiyoboro yose ukoresheje umugozi ushobora guhindurwa, urebe ko zashutswe ariko zidakabije.
Kwipimisha kumikorere ikwiye
- Emera gukira: Tegereza igihe cyateganijwe cyo gukira cyerekanwe kumupaki ya sima.
- Zimya amazi: Buhoro buhoro usubize amazi muri sisitemu.
- Kugenzura ibimeneka: Koresha amazi unyuze muri valve hanyuma urebe ingingo zose zerekana ibimenyetso bitemba. Komeza amasano niba ari ngombwa.
Impanuro: Kora ubugenzuzi bwa nyuma kugirango umenye neza ko valve ikora neza kandi ikiganza gihinduka byoroshye.
Amakosa asanzwe yo Kwirinda
Kwirinda amakosa asanzwe mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho birashobora kubika umwanya no gukumira ibibazo biri imbere:
- Gusiba primer: Kunanirwa gushira primer birashobora guca intege isano iri hagati ya pipe na valve.
- Kurenza urugero: Imbaraga nyinshi zirashobora kwangiza insinga cyangwa kugoreka umubiri wa valve.
- Igihe cyo gukiza kidahagije: Kutemerera sima gukira byuzuye birashobora kuvamo kumeneka.
- Guhuza bidakwiye: Imiyoboro idahwitse irashobora gutera impagarara kuri valve kandi biganisha ku kunanirwa imburagihe.
Mugukurikiza izi ntambwe no kwirinda amakosa asanzwe, imipira yumupira wa PVC irashobora gushyirwaho neza, ikemeza sisitemu yizewe kandi ndende.
Kubungabunga no Gukemura Inama
Isuku isanzwe no kugenzura
Gusukura buri gihe no kugenzura imipira ya PVC itanga imikorere myiza no kuramba. Igihe kirenze, imyanda hamwe nubutare bwamabuye y'agaciro birashobora kwirundanyiriza imbere muri valve, bishobora kubangamira umuvuduko w'amazi. Gukora igenzura risanzwe bifasha kumenya ibibazo nkibi hakiri kare kandi bikarinda kwangirika.
Kugirango usukure valve, abayikoresha bagomba kubanza kuzimya amazi no kuvana valve kumuyoboro nibiba ngombwa. Umuringa woroshye cyangwa umwenda urashobora gukoreshwa kugirango ukureho umwanda no kwiyubaka hejuru yimbere ya valve. Kubitsa kunangira, gushira valve mumuti woroheje wa vinegere birashobora gufasha gushonga ibisigara bitangiza ibintu.
Inama: Kugenzura kashe ya valve hamwe na gasketi mugihe cyo gukora isuku kugirango urebe ko bikomeza kuba byiza kandi bitambaye.
Ubugenzuzi bugaragara bugomba kandi kubamo kugenzura ibice, ibara, cyangwa ibimenyetso bya ruswa. Ibi bibazo birashobora kwerekana ko bikenewe gusimburwa cyangwa kubungabungwa byiyongera. Mugushiramo isuku nubugenzuzi buri gihe mubikorwa byabo, abayikoresha barashobora kongera igihe cya serivisi ya valve kandi bagakomeza gukora neza.
Gusiga amavuta ya Valve yo gukora neza
Gusiga amavuta bigira uruhare runini mugukora neza imikorere ya PVC yumupira. Igihe kirenze, ikiganza cya valve kirashobora gukomera cyangwa kugorana guhinduka kubera guterana cyangwa kubura amavuta. Gukoresha amavuta akwiye birashobora gukemura iki kibazo no kunoza imikorere ya valve.
Amavuta ashingiye kuri silicone nibyiza kumapira yumupira wa PVC kuko ntabwo yangirika kandi afite umutekano kugirango akoreshwe nibikoresho bya plastiki. Abakoresha bagomba gukoresha amavuta make kuri stade ya valve no gufata neza, bakemeza ko bitwikiriye. Amavuta arenze urugero agomba guhanagurwa kugirango yirinde gukurura umwanda cyangwa imyanda.
Icyitonderwa: Irinde gukoresha amavuta ashingiye kuri peteroli, kuko ashobora gutesha agaciro ibikoresho bya PVC no guhungabanya ubusugire bwa valve.
Gusiga amavuta ntabwo byongera imikorere ya valve gusa ahubwo binagabanya kwambara no kurira kubice byimuka. Iyi ntambwe yoroshye yo kubungabunga irashobora kwagura cyane igihe cyo kubaho kwa valve no kwemeza imikorere yizewe.
Kumenya no Gusimbuza Ibice Byashaje
Kumenya no gusimbuza ibice bishaje ni ngombwa mugukomeza imikorere yimipira ya PVC. Ibice bisanzwe bishobora gusaba gusimburwa birimo kashe, gasketi, hamwe na valve. Ibimenyetso byo kwambara birimo gutemba, kugabanuka kwamazi, cyangwa ingorane zo guhindura ikiganza.
Kugirango usimbuze igice cyashaje, abakoresha bagomba kubanza gusenya valve bakurikiza amabwiriza yabakozwe. Ikidodo cyangiritse cyangwa gasketi birashobora gukurwaho bigasimbuzwa bishya bingana kandi nibikoresho. Mugihe usimbuye icyuma cya valve, menya neza ko gifatanye neza kuruti kugirango wirinde ibibazo byimikorere.
Ibibazo Rusange | Igisubizo |
---|---|
Kashe | Simbuza gasketi nziza. |
Igikoresho gikomeye | Koresha amavuta cyangwa gusimbuza ikiganza. |
Kugabanya amazi | Sukura valve cyangwa usimbuze ibice byangiritse. |
Impanuro: Gumana ibice byabigenewe kugirango ukemure ibibazo vuba kandi ugabanye igihe cyo hasi.
Mugukemura ibibazo bishaje bidatinze, abakoresha barashobora gukumira ibibazo bikomeye kandi bagakomeza imikorere ya sisitemu zabo. Kubungabunga buri gihe no kubisimbuza mugihe byemeza ko imipira ya PVC ikomeza gukora neza mumyaka iri imbere.
Gukemura Ibibazo Bisanzwe
Gukomera cyangwa Gukomera-Guhindura
Igikoresho gikomeye cyangwa gikomeye-guhindukira ni ikibazo gisanzwe hamwe numupira wa PVC. Iki kibazo gikunze kuvuka kubera kwirundanya umwanda, kubura amavuta, cyangwa kudakora igihe kirekire. Gukemura iki kibazo byihuse bituma imikorere ikorwa neza kandi ikarinda kwangirika.
Intambwe zo Gukemura:
- Kugenzura Ikiganza nigiti: Reba neza umwanda cyangwa imyanda igaragara hafi yumukingo nigiti. Sukura ahantu hamwe nigitambaro cyoroshye cyangwa brush.
- Koresha amavuta: Koresha amavuta ashingiye kuri silicone kugirango ugabanye ubushyamirane. Irinde ibicuruzwa bishingiye kuri peteroli, kuko bishobora gutesha agaciro ibikoresho bya PVC.
- Koresha Valve: Hindura umwitozo inyuma n'inyuma witonze kugirango ugabanye amavuta neza.
- Reba Inzitizi: Niba ikiganza gikomeje gukomera, gusenya valve kugirango ugenzure imbere.
Inama: Buri gihe usige amavuta ya valve kugirango wirinde gukomera no gukora neza.
Niba ikiganza gikomeje kurwanya kugenda, gusimbuza valve birashobora kuba ngombwa. Buri gihe hitamo urwego rwohejuru rusimburwa nu ruganda rwizewe nka Ningbo Pntek Technology Co., Ltd.
Kumeneka Hafi ya Valve
Kumeneka hafi ya valve birashobora gutuma amazi yangirika kandi bishobora kwangiza sisitemu y'amazi. Iki kibazo mubisanzwe kiva mubidodo bishaje, kwishyiriraho nabi, cyangwa gucamo mumubiri wa valve.
Uburyo bwo Gukosora Ibimeneka:
- Kwihuza: Koresha imiyoboro ihindagurika kugirango urebe ko amahuza yose afite umutekano. Irinde gukomera cyane, kuko ibi bishobora kwangiza insanganyamatsiko.
- Kugenzura kashe na gaseke: Kuraho valve hanyuma usuzume kashe yo kwambara cyangwa kwangirika. Basimbuze nibindi bishya nibiba ngombwa.
- Reba neza: Kugenzura umubiri wa valve kubice bigaragara cyangwa ubumuga. Simbuza valve niba ibyangiritse byubatswe bigaragara.
Impamvu yamenetse | Igisubizo |
---|---|
Guhuza | Kenyera hamwe n'umuyoboro ushobora guhinduka. |
Ikidodo gishaje | Simbuza gasketi nziza. |
Umubiri wa valve | Shyiramo umupira mushya wa PVC. |
Impanuro: Koresha kaseti ya Teflon kumurongo uhuza kugirango ushireho kashe yamazi kandi wirinde kumeneka.
Kugabanya Amazi
Kugabanya amazi gutembera mumashanyarazi ya PVC birashobora guhungabanya imikorere ya sisitemu yo gukora amazi. Iki kibazo gikunze kubaho kubera guhagarika, kubaka amabuye y'agaciro, cyangwa gufunga valve igice.
Intambwe zo Kugarura Urujya n'uruza:
- Kugenzura Umwanya wa Valve: Menya neza ko ikiganza gifunguye neza. Umuyoboro ufunze igice ugabanya amazi.
- Sukura Valve Imbere: Gusenya valve hanyuma ukureho imyanda yose cyangwa imyunyu ngugu ukoresheje brush yoroshye cyangwa vinegere.
- Reba niba imiyoboro ihagarikwa: Suzuma imiyoboro ihujwe n'inzitizi zishobora kubangamira amazi.
- Simbuza ibice byangiritse: Niba isuku idakemuye ikibazo, genzura ibice byimbere ya valve kugirango wambare kandi ubisimbuze nkuko bikenewe.
Wari ubizi?
Icyambu cyuzuye PVC umupira utanga uburyo bwiza bwo kugenda neza ukomeza diameter imwe numuyoboro uhujwe.
Kubungabunga buri gihe, nko gukora isuku nubugenzuzi, birashobora gukumira kugabanuka kwamazi no kwemeza ko valve ikora kumikorere.
Kuberiki Hitamo PVC Umupira Wumubyimba wa sisitemu yo gukoresha amazi?
Inyungu za PVC Umupira
Imipira ya PVC itanga interay'inyungu zituma bahitamo neza sisitemu yo gukoresha amazi. Igishushanyo cyabo cyoroheje cyoroshya kwishyiriraho kandi kigabanya amafaranga yumurimo. Bitandukanye n’ibyuma, imipira ya PVC irwanya kwangirika kwimiti, amazi yumunyu, nibindi bintu bikaze, bigatuma kwizerwa kuramba. Ibi bituma biba byiza kubisabwa gutura no mu nganda.
Igishushanyo mbonera cyimbere cyumupira wa PVC kigabanya kubaka, kugabanya ibikenewe kubungabungwa kenshi. Ikigeretse kuri ibyo, ibiciro-bikora neza bituma bahitamo ingengo yimari itabangamiye ubuziranenge. Iyi mibande nayo irahuzagurika, hamwe namahitamo nkicyambu cyuzuye hamwe nicyitegererezo cyicyambu gihuye nibisabwa bitandukanye.
Ikiranga | PVC Umupira |
---|---|
Kwizerwa | Azwiho kwizerwa mubidukikije byangirika |
Kuramba | Kurwanya cyane kwangirika kwa acide, alkalis, namazi yumunyu |
Kwinjiza | Biroroshye gushiraho, kugabanya ibiciro byakazi nigihe |
Kubungabunga | Kubungabunga bike bisabwa kubera imiterere idahwitse |
PVC imipira yumupira, yakozwe nahejuru ya pvc umupira wo gukorakwisi, utange imiti irwanya imiti, itume ikwiranye nogukoresha amazi, acide, nandi mazi. Kamere yabo yoroheje ituma kwinjiza byoroshye muri sisitemu zihari, bikarushaho kunoza ubujurire bwabo.
Kuramba no kuramba
Imipira ya PVC yakozwe muburyo burambye, hamwe nigihe cyo kubaho gishobora kuva kumyaka 50 kugeza 100 mubihe byiza. Ubwubatsi bwabo buva mubikoresho byiza bya UPVC butanga imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa no kwangirika kwimiti. Uku kuramba gutuma bahitamo kwizewe sisitemu yo gukoresha amazi yerekanwe nibidukikije bikaze.
Ibintu nko kwishyiriraho neza no kubungabunga buri gihe bigira uruhare mu kuramba kwumupira wa PVC. Ubushobozi bwabo bwo guhangana na acide, alkalis, namazi yumunyu bituma imikorere ihoraho mugihe. Bitandukanye nicyuma cyuma, gishobora kubora cyangwa kubora, imipira yumupira wa PVC igumana ubusugire bwimiterere, bikagabanya gukenera gusimburwa kenshi.
- Ubuzima bwimiyoboro ya PVC na valve birashobora kurenza imyaka 50 ubyitayeho neza.
- Kurwanya kwangirika kwimiti byongera igihe kirekire mubidukikije byangirika.
- Ubwubatsi bworoheje bugabanya imihangayiko kuri sisitemu yo gukoresha amazi, bikongera ubuzima bwabo bwa serivisi.
Muguhitamo imipira ya PVC kuva hejuru ya pvc ball valve ikora kwisi, abayikoresha barashobora kwemeza igisubizo kirambye kandi cyiza.
Guhinduranya muri Porogaramu
PVC imipira yumupira irahuzagurika cyane, ituma ikwiranye nurwego runini rwa porogaramu. Mu mazi yo guturamo, agenga amazi neza kandi akirinda kumeneka. Kurwanya kwangirika kwabo kuba byiza kubidukikije byo mu nyanja, aho bihanganira amazi yumunyu nibihe bibi. Byongeye kandi, zikoreshwa cyane muri sisitemu yo kuhira, zitanga umuvuduko w'amazi uhoraho kugirango ukore neza.
Mu nganda, PVC yumupira wumupira mwiza cyane mugutunganya imiti, gutunganya amazi, na sisitemu ya HVAC. Ibishushanyo byabo byoroheje hamwe no kurwanya imiti ibemerera gukora ibintu bitandukanye bitabangamiye imikorere. Iyi mibande kandi igira uruhare runini muri sisitemu y’imyanda n’imyanda, irinda kumeneka no kurinda amazi y’amazi meza.
- Imipira yumupira wa PVC ikoreshwa mumazi yo murugo, kuhira, no mubidukikije.
- Zifite akamaro mugutunganya imiti, gutunganya amazi, na sisitemu ya HVAC.
- Uburyo bwabo bwa kane burahindura uburyo bwo kugenzura neza amazi, kuzamura imikorere.
Ubwinshi bwimipira yumupira wa PVC, bufatanije nigihe kirekire kandi bworoshye bwo gukoresha, bituma bahitamo guhitamo ibikenerwa bitandukanye byamazi.
Ibidukikije-Byangiza kandi Bidafite Uburozi
Imipira ya PVC igaragara nkibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije kuri sisitemu yo gukoresha amazi. Kubaka kwabo muri UPVC (chloride polyvinyl idafite plastike) byemeza ko badafite imiti yangiza nka phthalate nicyuma kiremereye. Ibi bituma bakoreshwa neza muri sisitemu yo gutanga amazi, harimo nogukoresha amazi yo kunywa. Imiterere idafite uburozi yiyi mibande ihuza imbaraga nisi yose yo kugabanya umwanda w’ibidukikije no guteza imbere imikorere irambye.
Igikorwa cyo gukora imipira ya PVC igabanya imyanda no gukoresha ingufu. Bitandukanye nicyuma cyicyuma, gisaba ubucukuzi bunini nogutunganya, indangantego za PVC zishingiye kubikoresho byoroshye kubisoko no kubikora. Ibisubizo mubisubizo byo hasi ya karubone, bituma biba icyatsi kibisi cyo gukoresha amazi. Byongeye kandi, igishushanyo mbonera cyabo kigabanya ibyuka byoherezwa mu kirere, bikagira uruhare mu kubungabunga ibidukikije.
Imipira ya PVC nayo itanga uburyo bwiza bwo gusubiramo. Iyo ubuzima bwabo burangiye, iyi valve irashobora gusubirwamo mubicuruzwa bishya, bikagabanya ibikenerwa mubisugi. Ubu buryo buzenguruka bwo gukoresha umutungo bushigikira amahame yubukungu burambye. Muguhitamo imipira yumupira wa PVC, abayikoresha ntabwo bungukirwa gusa nigihe kirekire kandi bakora neza ariko banatanga umusanzu mubuzima bwiza.
Wari ubizi?
PVC ni imwe muri plastiki zikoreshwa cyane mu isi, aho ibiciro byo gutunganya ibicuruzwa birenga 50% mu turere tumwe na tumwe.
Yakozwe na Top PVC Ball Valve Ihingura Isi
Ningbo Pntek Technology Co., Ltd. yigaragaje nkuwambere wambere pvc ball valve ikora kwisi. Isosiyete yiyemeje ubuziranenge no guhanga udushya igaragara muri buri gicuruzwa itanga. Buri pisine ya PVC ikorerwa ibizamini bikomeye kugirango irebe ko yujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga kumutekano, kuramba, no gukora.
Ibikorwa byo gukora byubahiriza ibyemezo byemeza ubuziranenge bwiyi mibande. Kurugero, Icyemezo cya NSF cyemeza ko indangagaciro zujuje ubuziranenge bwubuzima rusange n’umutekano. Icyemezo cya UPC cyemeza ko hubahirizwa amategeko agenga amazi muri Amerika na Kanada, mu gihe Icyemezo cya Watermark cyemeza gukurikiza amategeko agenga isuku muri Ositaraliya. Izi mpamyabumenyi zigaragaza ikizere ku isi ku bicuruzwa by'isosiyete.
Izina ry'icyemezo | Ibisobanuro |
---|---|
Icyemezo cya NSF | Kugenzura niba ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge bw’ubuzima rusange bw’Abanyamerika. |
Icyemezo cya UPC | Kugenzura iyubahirizwa ryibipimo byamazi muri Amerika na Kanada. |
Icyemezo cy'amazi | Yemeza ko yubahiriza amabwiriza y’isuku ya Ositarariya ku bicuruzwa by’amazi. |
Ningbo Pntek Technology Co., Ltd ikoresha ubuhanga buhanitse bwo gukora kugirango itange indangagaciro nziza mubikorwa ndetse no kuramba. Gukoresha ibikoresho byiza bya UPVC bitanga imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa no kwangirika kwimiti. Ibi bituma valve ikwiranye nuburyo butandukanye, kuva kumashanyarazi atuye kugeza muri sisitemu yinganda. Ubwitange bwisosiyete mukunyurwa kwabakiriya bugaragazwa kandi binyuze mubishushanyo mbonera no gutanga kubuntu.
Muguhitamo ibicuruzwa biva hejuru ya pvc ball valve ikora kwisi, abayikoresha babona ibisubizo byizewe, bitangiza ibidukikije, kandi bikora neza. Iyi mibande ntabwo yongera imikorere ya sisitemu yo gukoresha amazi gusa ahubwo inagaragaza ubwitange burambye kandi bwiza.
Porogaramu ya PVC Umupira
Sisitemu yo guturamo
Imipira ya PVC nibintu byingenzi muri sisitemu yo guturamo. Baha banyiri amazu igisubizo cyizewe cyo kugenzura imigendekere yamazi mubikorwa bitandukanye, harimo igikoni, ubwiherero, hamwe no kuhira imyaka. Igishushanyo cyabo cyoroheje cyoroshya kwishyiriraho, mugihe ibikoresho byabo birwanya ruswa bitanga igihe kirekire, ndetse no mubice bifite amazi akomeye cyangwa ubuhehere bwinshi.
Kimwe mu byiza byingenzi byumupira wa PVC mumiturire ni ubushobozi bwabo bwo kwirinda kumeneka. Ikidodo gifatika cyakozwe nibikoresho byujuje ubuziranenge nka PTFE byemeza ko amazi aguma arimo, bikagabanya ibyago byo kwangirika kwamazi. Ikigeretse kuri ibyo, uburyo bwabo bwo guhindura ibintu butuma bahagarika byihuse mugihe cyihutirwa, nko guturika imiyoboro cyangwa imirimo yo kubungabunga.
Inama: Gushiraho imipira ya PVC hafi yubushyuhe bwamazi cyangwa imirongo nyamukuru itanga birashobora koroha gutandukanya ibice byihariye bya sisitemu yo gusana.
Ubwinshi bwimipira yumupira wa PVC bugera no mubisabwa hanze. Bikunze gukoreshwa muri sisitemu yo kuhira ubusitani, aho bigenga amazi atemba hamwe na hose. Kurwanya imirasire ya UV nikirere bituma biba byiza gukoreshwa hanze, bigatuma imikorere ihoraho umwaka wose.
Gukoresha Ubucuruzi n'Inganda
Mu bucuruzi n’inganda, imipira ya PVC igira uruhare runini mugukomeza ibikorwa byiza kandi byiza. Imiti irwanya imiti ituma babasha gukoresha amazi menshi, harimo amazi, imiti, namavuta. Iyi mikorere ifite agaciro cyane mubikorwa nko gutunganya imiti no gutunganya amazi, aho usanga guhura nibintu byangirika.
Porogaramu igaragara ya PVC imipira yumudugudu mubidukikije byinganda nugukoresha muri sisitemu ya HVAC. Iyi mibande igenga urujya n'uruza rw'amazi cyangwa ibicurane binyuze mubikoresho byo gushyushya no gukonjesha, bigatuma imikorere myiza. Igishushanyo mbonera cyimbere kigabanya umuvuduko wumuvuduko, kongera ingufu zingufu no kugabanya ibiciro byakazi.
Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana ibyingenzi byingenzi aho usanga imipira ya PVC yerekanye imikorere ya sisitemu:
Ahantu ho gusaba | Ibisobanuro |
---|---|
Sisitemu yo gukoresha amazi | Ikoreshwa mugucunga amazi muri sisitemu yo guturamo, ubucuruzi, ninganda. |
Gutunganya imiti | Nibyiza byo gukoresha imiti itandukanye bitewe no kurwanya ruswa no gutera imiti. |
Gutunganya Amazi | Ibyingenzi mubikorwa nko kuyungurura no kwezwa, bitanga kugenzura neza imigendekere yamazi. |
Sisitemu ya HVAC | Igenga urujya n'uruza rw'amazi binyuze mu gushyushya cyangwa gukonjesha, pompe, na chillers. |
Wari ubizi?Imipira ya PVC ikunzwe cyane mubikorwa byinganda kuko bipima cyane ugereranije nibyuma, bikagabanya imbaraga kuri sisitemu yo kuvoma.
Uburyo bwo kuhira imyaka
Imipira ya PVC ni ingenzi muri gahunda yo kuhira imyaka, aho itanga amazi meza ku bihingwa no mu mirima. Ubushobozi bwabo bwo guhangana n’ifumbire, imiti yica udukoko, n’indi miti bituma bahitamo neza ku bahinzi. Iyi mibande itanga igenzura ryuzuye ryamazi, ituma abayikoresha bahindura urwego rwo kuhira hashingiwe kubisabwa nibihingwa.
Muri sisitemu yo kuhira imyaka, imipira ya PVC ifasha kugenzura umuvuduko wamazi, kugirango buri gihingwa kibone amazi akwiye. Kuramba kwabo no kurwanya ruswa bituma bakora neza haba hejuru yubutaka ndetse nubutaka. Byongeye kandi, iyubakwa ryabo ryoroheje ryoroshya kwishyiriraho kandi rigabanya amafaranga yumurimo, bigatuma riba igisubizo cyiza kubikorwa byubuhinzi bunini.
Impanuro: Koresha icyambu cyuzuye PVC imipira yumupira wo kuhira kugirango ukomeze amazi menshi kandi ugabanye gutakaza umuvuduko.
Mu kwinjiza imipira ya PVC mumashanyarazi, abahinzi barashobora gukoresha neza amazi, kugabanya imyanda, no kongera umusaruro wibihingwa. Guhindura kwinshi no kwizerwa bituma baba igikoresho cyingenzi mubikorwa byubuhinzi bugezweho.
Imishinga yo kubaka no gukora ibikorwa remezo
Imipira ya PVC ifite uruhare runini mubikorwa byubwubatsi n’ibikorwa remezo, itanga ibisubizo byizewe byo gucunga neza amazi muri sisitemu igoye. Igishushanyo cyoroheje, kuramba, no kurwanya ruswa bituma bahitamo neza kubikorwa binini. Kuva kumiyoboro itanga amazi kugeza sisitemu yo kuvoma, iyi mibande itanga imikorere myiza nigihe kirekire.
Ibyingenzi byingenzi mubwubatsi
- Sisitemu yo Gutanga Amazi
Imipira ya PVC igenga amazi muri sisitemu yo gutanga amazi ya komini nubucuruzi. Ubushobozi bwabo bwo guhangana n’umuvuduko mwinshi no kurwanya ruswa y’imiti bituma ikwirakwizwa ry’amazi ridahungabana. Iyi valve nayo yoroshye kubungabunga, kugabanya igihe cyo gukora mubikorwa remezo bikomeye. - Imiyoboro y'amazi n'amazi
Muri sisitemu yo gutemba no guta imyanda, imipira ya PVC irinda gusubira inyuma no kugenzura amazi y’amazi. Imiti irwanya imiti ituma babasha gutunganya ibintu byangirika bikunze kuboneka mumyanda. Iyi mikorere yongerera ubwizerwe imiyoboro yisuku yo mumijyi. - Sisitemu yo Kurinda Umuriro
Imishinga yubwubatsi akenshi ikubiyemo sisitemu zo gukingira umuriro zisaba kugenzura neza amazi. Imipira ya PVC itanga igisubizo cyizewe cyo gutandukanya no kugenzura amazi muri sisitemu yo kumena. Uburyo bwabo bwihuse bwigihembwe butanga igisubizo cyihuse mugihe cyihutirwa. - Sisitemu ya HVAC
Sisitemu yo gushyushya, guhumeka, no guhumeka (HVAC) mu nyubako zishingiye ku mipira ya PVC kugira ngo icunge amazi cyangwa ibicurane. Iyi mibande ikomeza umuvuduko nubushyuhe bihoraho, bigira uruhare mubikorwa bikoresha ingufu.
Inama: Koresha icyambu cyuzuye PVC imipira yumupira muri sisitemu ya HVAC kugirango ugabanye umuvuduko ukabije kandi ushimangire ingufu.
Ibyiza mubikorwa remezo
Imipira ya PVC itanga ibyiza byinshi bituma iba ingenzi mumishinga remezo:
Ikiranga | Inyungu |
---|---|
Igishushanyo cyoroheje | Kugabanya ibiciro byo gutwara no kwishyiriraho. |
Kurwanya ruswa | Iremeza kuramba mubidukikije bikaze, harimo imiyoboro yo munsi. |
Kubungabunga byoroshye | Yoroshya gusana no gusimbuza, kugabanya sisitemu yo hasi. |
Ikiguzi-Cyiza | Itanga ingengo yimishinga isimbuye ibyuma. |
Impamvu PVC Umupira Wumupira Bikunzwe
Imishinga yubwubatsi n’ibikorwa remezo isaba ibikoresho bishobora kwihanganira ibihe bitoroshye. Imipira ya PVC yujuje ibi bisabwa nubwubatsi bukomeye nibikorwa bidasanzwe. Ubushobozi bwabo bwo kurwanya kwambara no kurira butuma kwizerwa kuramba, ndetse no muri sisitemu yumuvuduko mwinshi. Byongeye kandi, guhuza kwabo nubunini butandukanye bwa pipe nubunini bituma bakora byinshi mubikorwa bitandukanye.
Wari ubizi?
Imipira ya PVC irashobora kumara imyaka irenga 50 iyo yashyizweho neza kandi ikabungabungwa, bigatuma ihitamo rirambye kubikorwa remezo.
Muguhuza imipira ya PVC mumyubakire nibikorwa remezo, injeniyeri naba rwiyemezamirimo barashobora kugera kubisubizo byiza, biramba, kandi bihendutse. Iyi mibande ntabwo yongerera imbaraga ibikorwa gusa ahubwo inagira uruhare muburyo burambye bwibikorwa remezo bigezweho.
PVC imipiratanga igisubizo cyizewe cyo gukumira ibibazo byamazi. Kuramba kwabo, kurwanya ruswa, no kugenzura neza amazi atuma biba ingenzi muri sisitemu zo guturamo, iz'ubucuruzi, n’inganda. Iyi valve yoroshya kwishyiriraho no kubungabunga, kubika igihe n'imbaraga kubakoresha.
Inama: Kugenzura buri gihe no kwitabwaho neza birashobora kwongerera igihe kinini imipira yumupira wa PVC, bigatuma imikorere yigihe kirekire.
Guhitamoindangagaciro nzizauhereye ku bakora inganda zizewe nka Ningbo Pntek Technology Co., Ltd. yemeza kwizerwa bidasanzwe nagaciro. Ubwitange bwabo mu guhanga udushya no kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa byose byujuje ubuziranenge.
Ibibazo
Niyihe ntego yibanze yumupira wa PVC?
PVC imipirakugenzura imigendekere yamazi muri sisitemu yo kuvoma. Uburyo bwabo bwa kimwe cya kane butuma abakoresha gutangira cyangwa guhagarika gutembera ako kanya. Iyi valve nibyiza kubisabwa bisaba neza, kuramba, no kurwanya ruswa.
Imipira yumupira wa PVC irashobora gukoresha sisitemu yumuvuduko mwinshi?
Nibyo, imipira ya PVC irashobora gukemura ibibazo bigera kuri 1.6 MPa (16 bar). Ubwubatsi bwabo bukomeye bwa UPVC butuma kwizerwa mubidukikije byumuvuduko mwinshi, bigatuma bikenerwa gutura, ubucuruzi, ninganda.
Nigute nahitamo neza umupira wa PVC umupira wa sisitemu?
Reba ibintu nkubunini bwumuyoboro, ibisabwa byumuvuduko, nubwoko bwamazi. Kuri sisitemu-itemba cyane, hitamo icyambu cyuzuye. Inshuro ebyiri zubumwe zikora neza kugirango zibungabunge kenshi. Buri gihe ujye ubaza ibyakozwe nuwabikoze kugirango ahuze.
Inama: Koresha indangagaciro ziva mubirango byizewe nka Ningbo Pntek Technology Co., Ltd. kugirango ubuziranenge bwizewe.
Ese imipira ya PVC ifite umutekano kuri sisitemu yo kunywa?
Nibyo, imipira ya PVC ifite umutekano mumazi yo kunywa. Byakozwe mubikoresho bidafite uburozi UPVC kandi byujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga bwumutekano, nka Certificat ya NSF, byemeza ko nta miti yangiza yinjira mumazi.
Ni kangahe umupira wa PVC ugomba kubungabungwa?
Kora neza buri mezi 6-12. Kugenzura ibimeneka, gusukura ibice byimbere, no gusiga amavuta. Kwitaho buri gihe bituma imikorere ikora neza kandi ikongerera igihe cyo kubaho.
Ese imipira ya PVC ishobora gukoreshwa mubisabwa hanze?
Nibyo, imipira ya PVC irakwiriye gukoreshwa hanze. Ibikoresho byabo birwanya UV hamwe no kwangirika kwangirika bituma biba byiza muburyo bwo kuhira, ibidengeri, nibindi bikoresho byo hanze.
Nakora iki niba ikiganza cya valve gikomeye?
Koresha amavuta ya silicone ashingiye kumavuta ya valve. Koresha ikiganza witonze kugirango ukwirakwize amavuta. Niba gukomera bikomeje, genzura ibibujijwe imbere cyangwa ibice bishaje hanyuma ubisimbuze nkuko bikenewe.
Indangantego z'umupira wa PVC zimara igihe kingana iki?
Imipira ya PVC irashobora kumara imyaka irenga 50 mubihe bisanzwe. Kuramba kwabo biterwa no kwishyiriraho neza, kubungabunga buri gihe, no guhura nibidukikije nkubushyuhe n’imiti.
Wari ubizi?
Imipira yo mu rwego rwohejuru ya PVC ivuye muri Ningbo Pntek Technology Co., Ltd. yagenewe gukora igihe kirekire, ndetse no mubidukikije bigoye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-28-2025