1 Ingingo z'ingenzi zo guhitamo valve

1.1 Sobanura intego ya valve mubikoresho cyangwa igikoresho

Menya imiterere yakazi ya valve: imiterere yuburyo bukoreshwa, umuvuduko wakazi, ubushyuhe bwakazi nuburyo bwo kugenzura imikorere, nibindi.;

1.2 Hitamo neza ubwoko bwa valve

Guhitamo neza kwubwoko bwa valve bishingiye kubishushanyo mbonera byuzuye mubikorwa byose byakozwe hamwe nibikorwa. Mugihe uhitamo ubwoko bwa valve, uwashizeho agomba kubanza kumenya imiterere yimiterere nimikorere ya buri valve;

1.3 Menya iherezo ryanyuma rya valve

Muguhuza urudodo, guhuza flange no gusudira kurangiza, bibiri byambere birakoreshwa cyane. Indangantego zometseho cyane cyane ni valve ifite diameter nominal iri munsi ya 50mm. Niba ingano ya diameter ari nini cyane, kwishyiriraho no gufunga ihuza biragoye cyane. Imiyoboro ihujwe na flange iroroshye gushiraho no kuyisenya, ariko iraremereye kandi ihenze kuruta indodo zometseho, kuburyo zikwiranye no guhuza imiyoboro ya diameter zitandukanye hamwe nigitutu. Guhuza gusudira birakwiriye kubintu biremereye kandi byizewe kuruta guhuza flange. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, biragoye gusenya no kongera kugarura imibavu ihujwe no gusudira, bityo imikoreshereze yayo igarukira gusa aho ishobora gukora mu buryo bwizewe igihe kirekire, cyangwa uburyo bwo gukoresha burakaze kandi ubushyuhe buri hejuru;

1.4 Guhitamo ibikoresho bya valve

Usibye gusuzuma imiterere yumubiri (ubushyuhe, umuvuduko) hamwe nubumara bwa chimique (ruswa) yuburyo bukora, isuku yikigereranyo (niba hari ibice bikomeye) igomba gutozwa muguhitamo ibikoresho bya shell ya valve, ibice byimbere na Ikidodo. Byongeye kandi, amabwiriza abigenga ya leta nishami ryabakoresha agomba koherezwa. Guhitamo neza kandi gushyira mu gaciro ibikoresho bya valve birashobora kubona ubuzima bwa serivise yubukungu nubushobozi bwiza bwa valve. Itondekanya ryo gutoranya ibikoresho byumubiri wa valve ni: guta ibyuma-karubone ibyuma-bidafite ibyuma, kandi gahunda yo gutoranya ibikoresho bifunga impeta ni: rubber-umuringa-alloy ibyuma-F4;

1.5 Abandi

Byongeye kandi, umuvuduko w umuvuduko nurwego rwumuvuduko wamazi atembera muri valve agomba kugenwa, kandi na valve ikwiye igomba gutoranywa ukoresheje amakuru ariho (nkurutonde rwibicuruzwa bya valve, ibicuruzwa byerekana ibicuruzwa, nibindi).

2 Intangiriro Kumurongo rusange

Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa valve, kandi ubwoko buragoye. Ubwoko nyamukuru niamarembo, guhagarika indangagaciro, gutembera neza,ikinyugunyugu, gucomeka imipira, imipira yumupira, ububiko bwamashanyarazi, diafragm valve, kugenzura indangagaciro, indangagaciro z'umutekano, umuvuduko ugabanya umuvuduko,imitego ya parike hamwe nibyihutirwa bifunga,muribisanzwe bikoreshwa cyane ni amarembo y amarembo, guhagarika indiba, ububiko bwa trottle, gucomeka ibyuma, ibinyugunyugu, imipira yumupira, kugenzura imipira, hamwe na diaphragm.

2.1 Irembo

Irembo ry'irembo ni valve ifite umubiri wo gufungura no gufunga (isahani ya valve) itwarwa nigiti cya valve hanyuma ikazamuka hejuru ikamanuka hejuru yikimenyetso cya kashe yintebe, ishobora guhuza cyangwa guca inzira yamazi. Ugereranije na valve ihagarara, irembo ryirembo rifite imikorere myiza yo gufunga, kutarwanya amazi, imbaraga nke mugukingura no gufunga, kandi bifite imikorere yo guhindura. Nimwe mubikunze gukoreshwa bifunga-gufunga. Ibibi ni binini, imiterere igoye kuruta guhagarara, guhagarara byoroshye hejuru yikidodo, no kubungabunga bigoye. Mubisanzwe ntabwo bikwiriye gutereta. Ukurikije urudodo rwumwanya kumarembo ya valve, irashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri: kuzamuka kwubwoko bwubwoko bwihishe. Ukurikije imiterere yimiterere yisahani, irashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri: ubwoko bwa wedge nubwoko bubangikanye.

2.2 Hagarika valve

Guhagarika valve ni kumanura kumanura, aho gufungura no gufunga ibice (disiki ya valve) bigendanwa nigiti cya valve kugirango kizamuke hejuru no munsi yumurongo wintebe ya valve (hejuru yikimenyetso). Ugereranije na valve ya rugi, ifite imikorere myiza yo guhindura, imikorere idahwitse, imiterere yoroshye, gukora neza no kuyitaho, kurwanya amazi menshi, nigiciro gito. Nibisanzwe bikoreshwa-byaciwe na valve, mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mumiyoboro mito na ntoya ya diameter.

2.3 Umupira

Gufungura no gufunga ibice byumupira wumupira ni umuzenguruko uzengurutse umwobo, kandi umuzenguruko uzunguruka hamwe nigiti cya valve kugirango umenye gufungura no gufunga valve. Umupira wumupira ufite imiterere yoroshye, guhinduranya byihuse, gukora byoroshye, ubunini buto, uburemere bworoshye, ibice bike, kurwanya amazi mato, gufunga neza, no kubungabunga byoroshye.

2.4 Umuyoboro

Usibye disiki ya valve, trottle ya valve ifite muburyo bumwe nuburyo bwo guhagarara. Disiki yayo ya valve nikintu gikurura, kandi imiterere itandukanye ifite ibintu bitandukanye. Diameter yintebe ya valve ntigomba kuba nini cyane, kuko uburebure bwayo bwo gufungura ni buto kandi umuvuduko wo hagati wiyongera, bityo byihutisha isuri ya disiki ya valve. Umuyoboro wa trottle ufite ibipimo bito, uburemere bworoheje, hamwe nuburyo bwiza bwo guhindura, ariko ibyahinduwe ntabwo ari hejuru.

2.5 Gucomeka

Gucomeka kumashanyarazi ikoresha gucomeka umubiri hamwe nu mwobo nkigice cyo gufungura no gufunga, kandi umubiri wacometse hamwe nigiti cya valve kugirango ugere ku gufungura no gufunga. Gucomeka kumashanyarazi ifite imiterere yoroshye, gufungura no gufunga byihuse, gukora byoroshye, kurwanya amazi mato, ibice bike, nuburemere bworoshye. Gucomeka kumashanyarazi iraboneka muburyo bugororotse, inzira-eshatu, n'ubwoko bune. Amacomeka agororotse akoreshwa mugucamo ibice, kandi inzira-eshatu ninzira enye zicomeka zikoreshwa muguhindura icyerekezo giciriritse cyangwa kuyobya icyerekezo.

2.6 Ikinyugunyugu

Ikinyugunyugu ni ikinyugunyugu kizunguruka 90 ° kizengurutse umurongo uhamye mu mubiri wa valve kugirango urangize imirimo yo gufungura no gufunga. Ikinyugunyugu ni gito mu bunini, urumuri mu buremere, cyoroshye mu miterere, kandi kigizwe n'ibice bike.

Kandi irashobora gufungurwa byihuse no gufungwa no kuzunguruka 90 °, kandi biroroshye gukora. Iyo ikinyugunyugu kiba kiri mumwanya wuzuye, ubunini bwisahani yikinyugunyugu nicyo cyonyine kirwanya iyo imiyoboro inyuze mumubiri wa valve. Kubwibyo, igitutu kigabanuka cyakozwe na valve ni gito cyane, kuburyo gifite imiterere myiza yo kugenzura ibintu. Ibinyugunyugu bigabanyijemo ubwoko bubiri bwo gufunga: kashe ya elastike yoroshye hamwe nicyuma gikomeye. Kubirindiro bya kashe ya elastike, impeta yo gufunga irashobora gushyirwa mumubiri wa valve cyangwa igahuzwa na peripheri yicyapa. Ifite imikorere myiza yo gufunga kandi irashobora gukoreshwa mugukubita, kimwe no mumiyoboro iciriritse ya vacuum hamwe nibitangazamakuru byangirika. Imyanya ifite kashe yicyuma muri rusange ifite igihe kirekire cyumurimo kuruta indangagaciro zifite kashe ya elastike, ariko biragoye kugera kashe yuzuye. Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mugihe aho umuvuduko nigitutu gitandukana cyane kandi nibikorwa byiza byo gutereta birakenewe. Ikidodo c'icyuma kirashobora guhuza n'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo gukora, mugihe kashe ya elastike ifite inenge yo kugarukira kubushyuhe.

2.7 Reba valve

Kugenzura valve ni valve ishobora guhita irinda amazi gusubira inyuma. Disiki ya valve ya cheque ya valve ifungura munsi yumuvuduko wamazi, kandi amazi atemba ava muruhande rwinjira yerekeza kuruhande. Iyo umuvuduko wuruhande winjira uri munsi ugereranije nu ruhande rwo gusohoka, disiki ya valve ihita ifunga bitewe nimpamvu nkibintu bitandukanya umuvuduko wamazi hamwe nuburemere bwayo kugirango wirinde gutemba. Ukurikije imiterere yimiterere, igabanijwemo lift igenzura valve na swing check valve. Kugenzura igenzura rya valve rifite kashe nziza kuruta swing cheque valve hamwe no kurwanya amazi menshi. Ku cyambu cyo guswera cya pompe yo kuvoma, hagomba gutoranywa valve yamaguru. Igikorwa cyayo ni: kuzuza umuyoboro wa pompe winjiza amazi mbere yo gutangira pompe; kugumana umuyoboro winjira na pompe umubiri wuzuye amazi nyuma yo guhagarika pompe kugirango witegure gutangira. Ikirenge cyikirenge gishyirwa gusa kumuyoboro uhagaze kuri pompe yinjira, naho uburyo butemba buva hasi bugana hejuru.

2.8 Diaphragm valve

Igice cyo gufungura no gufunga igice cya diafragm ni diaphragm ya reberi, ishyizwe hagati yumubiri wa valve nigifuniko cya valve.

Igice gisohoka cya diaphragm gishyizwe ku giti cya valve, naho umubiri wa valve ugashyirwaho na reberi. Kubera ko igikoresho kitinjira mu cyuho cy'imbere cy'igifuniko, igiti cya valve ntigikeneye agasanduku kuzuza. Umuyoboro wa diaphragm ufite imiterere yoroshye, imikorere myiza yo gufunga, kubungabunga byoroshye, no kurwanya amazi make. Indanganturo ya Diaphragm igabanijwemo ubwoko bwa weir, bugororotse binyuze mu bwoko, iburyo-buringaniye n'ubwoko bwa none.

3 Amabwiriza yo guhitamo valve

3.1 Amabwiriza yo gutoranya amarembo

Mubisanzwe, amarembo yimare agomba guhitamo mbere. Usibye ibyuka, amavuta nibindi bitangazamakuru, indangagaciro z'irembo nazo zikwiranye n'itangazamakuru ririmo ibinini bya granulaire hamwe n'ubukonje bwinshi, kandi bikwiranye na valve yo guhumeka hamwe na sisitemu ya vacuum nkeya. Kubitangazamakuru bifite ibice bikomeye, umubiri wa valve wumuryango ugomba kugira umwobo umwe cyangwa ibiri. Kubitangazamakuru bitanga ubushyuhe buke, ubushyuhe bwo hasi bwihariye amarembo ya valve agomba guhitamo.

3.2 Hagarika amabwiriza yo guhitamo valve

Guhagarika valve ikwiranye numuyoboro ufite ibisabwa bike mukurwanya amazi, ni ukuvuga gutakaza umuvuduko ntibifatwa cyane, kimwe numuyoboro cyangwa ibikoresho bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi nibitangazamakuru byumuvuduko mwinshi. Irakwiriye kumashanyarazi nindi miyoboro yamakuru hamwe na DN <200mm; utubuto duto dushobora gukoresha indangagaciro zihagarara, nkibikoresho byinshinge, ibikoresho byabigenewe, icyitegererezo cyikigereranyo, ibipimo byerekana umuvuduko, nibindi.; guhagarika valve bifite amabwiriza yo gutembera cyangwa kugenzura igitutu, ariko amabwiriza yukuri ntabwo ari menshi, kandi umuyoboro wa diametre ni muto, bityo hagomba gutoranywa indangagaciro cyangwa guhagarara; kubitangazamakuru bifite uburozi bukabije, inzogera zifunze zahagaritswe indangagaciro zigomba gutoranywa; ariko guhagarika valve ntibigomba gukoreshwa mubitangazamakuru bifite ubukonje bwinshi nibitangazamakuru birimo ibice byoroshye kugwa, ntanubwo bigomba gukoreshwa nkibikoresho bya enterineti na valve kuri sisitemu ya vacuum nkeya.

3.3 Amabwiriza yo gutoranya umupira

Imipira yumupira ikwiranye nubushyuhe buke, umuvuduko mwinshi, hamwe nibitangazamakuru byinshi. Imipira myinshi yumupira irashobora gukoreshwa mubitangazamakuru hamwe nuduce twinshi twahagaritswe, kandi irashobora no gukoreshwa mubitangazamakuru byifu na granular ukurikije ibikoresho bifatika bya kashe; Umuyoboro wuzuye wumupira wuzuye ntukwiriye kugenzurwa neza, ariko birakwiriye mugihe gisaba gufungura byihuse no gufunga, bikaba byoroshye guhagarika byihutirwa mumpanuka; imipira yumupira isanzwe isabwa kumiyoboro ifite imikorere ikomeye yo gufunga, kwambara, kugabanya imiyoboro, gufungura byihuse no gufunga, guhagarika umuvuduko ukabije (itandukaniro rinini ryumuvuduko), urusaku ruke, ibintu bya gaze, gaze ntoya, hamwe no kurwanya amazi mato; imipira yumupira ikwiranye nuburyo bworoshye, kugabanya umuvuduko muke, hamwe nibitangazamakuru byangirika; imipira yumupira nayo ninziza nziza kubushyuhe buke hamwe nibitangazamakuru bikonje cyane. Kuri sisitemu yimiyoboro nibikoresho byitangazamakuru ryubushyuhe buke, hagomba gutoranywa imipira yubushyuhe bwo hasi ifite imipira ya valve; mugihe ukoresheje imipira ireremba, ibikoresho byintebe bigomba kwikorera umutwaro wumupira hamwe nuburyo bukora. Imipira minini ya diameter isaba imbaraga nyinshi mugihe ikora, na DN≥200mm imipira yumupira igomba gukoresha ihererekanyabubasha; imipira ihamye yumupira irakwiriye mugihe gifite diameter nini hamwe numuvuduko mwinshi; hiyongereyeho, imipira yumupira ikoreshwa mumiyoboro yibikoresho byubumara bukabije hamwe nibitangazamakuru byaka umuriro bigomba kugira ibikoresho bitarinda umuriro kandi birwanya static.

3.4 Amabwiriza yo gutoranya kuri Throttle Valve

Imyanda ya Throttle irakwiriye mugihe gifite ubushyuhe buke bwo hagati hamwe numuvuduko mwinshi, kandi birakwiriye kubice bigomba guhindura umuvuduko nigitutu. Ntibikwiriye kubitangazamakuru bifite ubukonje bwinshi kandi burimo ibice bikomeye, kandi ntibikwiye kubatandukanya.

3.5 Amabwiriza yo Guhitamo Amacomeka

Gucomeka kumashanyarazi birakwiriye mubihe bisaba gufungura byihuse no gufunga. Mubisanzwe ntibikwiriye kubitangazamakuru hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Zikoreshwa mubitangazamakuru bifite ubushyuhe buke nubukonje bwinshi, kandi biranakwiriye kubitangazamakuru bifite uduce duto twahagaritswe.

3.6 Amabwiriza yo gutoranya kubinyugunyugu

Ibinyugunyugu bikwiranye nibihe bifite diametero nini (nka DN ﹥ 600mm) hamwe nuburebure bwigihe gito cyubatswe, kimwe nibihe bisaba kugenzura imigezi no gufungura byihuse no gufunga. Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mubitangazamakuru nk'amazi, amavuta n'umwuka ucanye hamwe n'ubushyuhe ≤80 ℃ hamwe n'umuvuduko ≤1.0MPa; kubera ko ikinyugunyugu gifite igihombo kinini ugereranije nigitereko cyamarembo hamwe numupira wumupira, ikinyugunyugu gikwiranye na sisitemu y'imiyoboro ifite ibyifuzo byo gutakaza umuvuduko ukabije.

3.7 Amabwiriza yo Guhitamo Kugenzura Agaciro

Kugenzura indangagaciro muri rusange zikwiranye nibitangazamakuru bisukuye, kandi ntibikwiriye kubitangazamakuru birimo ibice bikomeye hamwe nubwiza bwinshi. Iyo DN≤40mm, nibyiza gukoresha valve igenzura (gusa yemerewe gushyirwaho kumiyoboro itambitse); iyo DN ＝ 50 ～ 400mm, birasabwa gukoresha igipimo cyo guterura kizunguruka (gishobora gushyirwaho kumiyoboro yombi itambitse kandi ihagaritse. Niba ushyizwe kumuyoboro uhagaze, icyerekezo cyo hagati kigomba kuba kuva hasi kugeza hejuru); iyo DN≥450mm, nibyiza gukoresha buffer igenzura; iyo DN ＝ 100 ～ 400mm, na wafer yo kugenzura irashobora kandi gukoreshwa; swing cheque valve irashobora gukorwa mumuvuduko mwinshi wakazi, PN irashobora kugera kuri 42MPa, kandi irashobora gukoreshwa muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose bwo gukora hamwe nubushyuhe bwakazi bukora ukurikije ibikoresho bitandukanye byigikonoshwa hamwe na kashe. Ikigereranyo ni amazi, amavuta, gaze, ibintu byangirika, amavuta, imiti, nibindi. Ubushyuhe bwo hagati buringaniye buri hagati ya -196 ～ 800 ℃.

3.8 Amabwiriza yo gutoranya Diaphragm

Indangantego ya Diaphragm ikwiranye namavuta, amazi, itangazamakuru rya acide nibitangazamakuru birimo ibintu byahagaritswe hamwe nubushyuhe bwakazi butarenze 200 ℃ hamwe nigitutu kiri munsi ya 1.0MPa, ariko ntibikenewe kumashanyarazi kama na okiside ikomeye. Ubwoko bwa diaphragm bwa Weir burakwiriye kubitangazamakuru byangiza. Imbonerahamwe iranga imbonerahamwe igomba gukoreshwa muguhitamo ubwoko bwa diaphragm ya weir. Indanganturo ya diaphragm igororotse ikwiranye n'amazi meza, sima ya sima hamwe nibitangazamakuru byimitsi. Usibye ibisabwa byihariye, diafragm valve ntigomba gukoreshwa kumiyoboro ya vacuum nibikoresho bya vacuum.