Amazi yo mu idovi(byitwa kandi amazi ya robine, amazi ya robine cyangwa amazi ya komini) ni amazi atangwa binyuze mu robine no mu miyoboro y'amazi yo kunywa. Amazi ya robine akoreshwa mu kunyobwa, guteka, koza no gusukura ubwiherero. Amazi ya robine yo mu nzu akwirakwizwa binyuze mu "miyoboro yo mu nzu". Ubu bwoko bw'imiyoboro bwabayeho kuva kera, ariko ntibwahabwaga abantu bake kugeza mu gice cya kabiri cy'ikinyejana cya 19 ubwo bwatangiraga gukundwa mu bihugu byateye imbere muri iki gihe. Amazi ya robine yabaye menshi mu turere twinshi mu kinyejana cya 20 kandi ubu aracyabura cyane mu bakene, cyane cyane mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere.

Mu bihugu byinshi, amazi ya robine akunze kuba afitanye isano n'amazi yo kunywa. Ibigo bya leta bikunze kugenzura ubuziranenge bwaamazi ya robineUburyo bwo gusukura amazi mu ngo, nko kuyungurura amazi, guteka cyangwa kuyasukura, bushobora gukoreshwa mu kuvura ubwandu bw’imikorobe mu mazi yo mu robine kugira ngo yongere ubushobozi bwo kuyanywa. Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga (nk'inganda zitunganya amazi) ritanga amazi meza mu ngo, mu bigo by'ubucuruzi, no mu nyubako za leta ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'ubuhanga mu by'isuku. Kwita amazi yo mu robine "amazi yo mu robine" biyatandukanya n'andi mazi meza ashobora kuboneka; harimo amazi yo mu bidendezi byo gukusanya amazi y'imvura, amazi yo mu mashini zo mu cyaro cyangwa mu mujyi, amazi yo mu mariba, cyangwa imigezi, imigezi, cyangwa ibiyaga (Ubushobozi bwo kuyanywa bushobora gutandukana).

inyuma
Gutanga amazi yo mu miyoboro ku baturage bo mu mijyi minini cyangwa mu nkengero z'umujyi bisaba uburyo bugoye kandi buteguye neza bwo kuyakusanya, kuyabika, kuyatunganya no kuyakwirakwiza, kandi ubusanzwe ni inshingano z'inzego za leta.

Mu mateka, amazi yavuwe aboneka ku mugaragaro yakunze kwitabwaho no kwiyongera cyane kw'imyaka yo kubaho no kunoza ubuzima bw'abaturage. Gusukura amazi bishobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byo kurwara indwara ziterwa n'amazi nka tifoyide na kolera. Hakenewe cyane gusukura amazi yo kunywa ku isi yose. Ubu buryo bwa chlorine bukoreshwa cyane mu gusukura amazi, nubwo chlorine ishobora gukorana n'ibintu biri mu mazi igatera ibibazo ku buzima bw'abantu. Imiterere y'ubutaka bw'aho hantu igira ingaruka ku butaka ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru ituma habaho ioni zitandukanye z'icyuma, akenshi zituma amazi "yoroha" cyangwa "akomeye".

Amazi yo mu ifumbire aracyashobora kwanduzwa n’ibintu bihumanya ikirere cyangwa imiti. Ihumana ry’amazi riracyari ikibazo gikomeye ku buzima ku isi yose. Indwara ziterwa no kunywa amazi yanduye zica abana miliyoni 1.6 buri mwaka. Iyo umwanda ufatwa nk’uwangiza ubuzima rusange, abayobozi ba leta bakunze gutanga inama ku ikoreshwa ry’amazi. Mu gihe cy’umwanda w’ibinyabuzima, akenshi abaturage basabwa guteka amazi cyangwa gukoresha amazi yo mu macupa mbere yo kuyanywa. Mu gihe cy’umwanda w’ibinyabutabire, abaturage bashobora kugirwa inama yo kwirinda kunywa amazi yo mu ifumbire burundu kugeza igihe ikibazo gikemutse.

Mu turere twinshi, ingano nke ya fluoride (< 1.0 ppm F) yongerwa ku bushake mu mazi yo mu ifuru kugira ngo irusheho kugira ubuzima bwiza bw'amenyo, nubwo "fluoride" ikiri ikibazo kivugwaho rumwe mu miryango imwe n'imwe. (Reba impaka ku bijyanye na fluoride mu mazi). Ariko, kunywa amazi igihe kirekire afite fluoride nyinshi (> 1.5 ppm F) bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi zikomeye, nko kurwara amenyo, plaque ya enamel na fluorosis y'amagufwa, ndetse no kugorama kw'amagufwa ku bana. Ubukana bwa fluoride buterwa n'ingano ya fluoride mu mazi, ndetse n'imirire y'abantu n'imyitozo ngororamubiri. Uburyo bwo gukuraho fluoride burimo uburyo bushingiye ku ruhu, imvura, kwinjiza amazi mu mubiri, no gushonga k'amashanyarazi.

Amabwiriza n'iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko
Amerika
Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije muri Amerika (EPA) kigenzura ingano yemewe y’imyanda imwe n’imwe mu buryo bw’amazi rusange. Amazi yo mu mazi ashobora kandi kuba arimo imyanda myinshi idagenzurwa na EPA ariko ishobora kwangiza ubuzima bw’abantu. Uburyo bw’amazi yo mu bwoko bwa “community water”—ubwo bufasha itsinda rimwe ry’abantu mu mwaka wose—bugomba guha abakiriya “raporo y’icyizere cy’abaguzi” buri mwaka. Raporo igaragaza imyanda (niba ihari) mu buryo bw’amazi kandi igasobanura ingaruka zishobora kubaho ku buzima. Nyuma y’ikibazo cya Flint Lead Crisis (2014), abashakashatsi bitaye cyane ku bushakashatsi ku miterere y’amazi yo kunywa hirya no hino muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Ingano y’amazi yo kunywa idahwitse yabonetse mu mazi yo mu bwoko bwa “robe” mu mijyi itandukanye, nka Sebring, Ohio muri Kanama 2015 na Washington, DC mu 2001. Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwagaragaje ko, ku mpuzandengo, hafi 7-8% by’uburyo bw’amazi yo mu bwoko bwa “community water” (CWS) binyuranyije n’ibibazo by’ubuzima by’Itegeko ry’Amazi yo Kunywa Yizewe (SDWA) buri mwaka. Bitewe n’uko amazi yo kunywa ari mu buryo bw’imyanda, muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika haba hari abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 16 barwaye indwara y’igifu ikabije muri Amerika buri mwaka.

Mbere yo kubaka cyangwa guhindura sisitemu y'amazi, abashushanya n'abafatanyabikorwa bagomba gusuzuma amategeko agenga imiyoboro y'amazi yo mu gace batuyemo no kubona uruhushya rwo kubaka mbere yo kubaka. Gusimbuza icyuma gishyushya amazi gisanzwe bishobora gusaba uruhushya n'igenzura ry'akazi. Amabwiriza y'igihugu y'amabwiriza y'imiyoboro y'amazi yo kunywa ya Amerika ni ibikoresho byemejwe na NSF/ANSI 61. NSF/ANSI yanashyizeho amahame ngenderwaho yo kwemeza amacupa menshi, nubwo Ikigo gishinzwe ibiribwa n'imiti (FDA) cyemeje ibyo bikoresho.