Ikizira cya 1

Valve yashyizweho nabi.

Urugero, icyerekezo cy'amazi (umwuka) cya valve yo guhagarika cyangwa valve yo kugenzura kiri imbere y'ikimenyetso, kandi inkingi ya valve ishyirwa hasi. Valve yo kugenzura ishyirwaho mu buryo butambitse ishyirwa ihagaze. Umugozi wa valve yo ku irembo ry'umugongo cyangwa valve y'ibinyugunyugu nta mwanya wo gufungura cyangwa gufunga ufite. Urufatiro rwa valve ihishe rurashyizweho. Ntabwo rwerekeza ku muryango wo kugenzura.

Ingaruka: Valve irananirwa, switch iragorana gusana, kandi igiti cy'valve cyerekana hasi, akenshi bigatuma amazi asohoka.

Ibipimo: Shyiramo neza ukurikije amabwiriza yo gushyiraho valve.valve zo kuzamuka z'umugongo, siga uburebure buhagije bw'aho ufungura igiti cy'umugozi.valve z'ibinyugunyugu, tekereza neza ku mwanya wo kuzunguruka kw'umugozi. Imirongo itandukanye ya valve ntishobora kuba iri hasi ugereranyije n'aho iherereye, ndetse no hasi. Valve zihishe ntizigomba kuba zifite urugi rwo kugenzura rwujuje ibisabwa mu gufungura no gufunga valve, ahubwo n'urundi ruhande rwa valve rugomba kuba rwerekeye urugi rwo kugenzura.

Ikizira cya 2

Ibipimo n'ingero za valves zashyizweho ntabwo byujuje ibisabwa mu gishushanyo.

Urugero, igitutu cy’agace k’umuvuduko w’agace k’umuvuduko ni gito ugereranije n’igitutu cy’igerageza ry’uburyo; ama-valve yo ku irembo akoreshwa iyo umurambararo w’umuyoboro w’amazi uri munsi cyangwa ungana na mm 50; ama-valve yo guhagarara akoreshwa ku miyoboro yumye n’iy’imiyoboro ishyushye; ama-valve y’ibinyugunyugu akoreshwa ku miyoboro ikurura amazi y’umuriro.

Ingaruka: Bigira ingaruka ku gufungura no gufunga bisanzwe kwa valve no kugenzura ubukana, umuvuduko n'indi mirimo. Bishobora no gutuma valve yangirika kandi ikaba igomba gusanwa mu gihe sisitemu ikora.

Ibipimo: Menya neza ubwoko butandukanye bw'amavali akoreshwa, kandi uhitemo ibipimo bya vali n'ingero hakurikijwe ibisabwa mu gishushanyo. Igitutu cy'agace ka vali kigomba kuzuza ibisabwa mu gipimo cy'umuvuduko w'igerageza rya sisitemu. Dukurikije ibisabwa mu bwubatsi: iyo umurambararo w'umuyoboro w'amazi uri munsi ya mm 50 cyangwa ungana na mm 50, hagomba gukoreshwa vali yo guhagarika; iyo umurambararo w'umuyoboro urenze mm 50, hagomba gukoreshwa vali yo kwinjira. Vali yo kwinjira igomba gukoreshwa mu mavali yo kugenzura amazi ashyushye ashyushye n'ay'inyuma, kandi vali zo mu bwoko bwa butterfly ntizigomba gukoreshwa mu mavali yo gukurura amazi ashyushye.

Ikizira cya 3

Kunanirwa gukora igenzura ry’ubuziranenge nk’uko bisabwa mbere yo gushyiraho valve.

Ingaruka: Mu gihe cy'imikorere ya sisitemu, imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi irakomera, irafunga neza kandi amazi (umwuka) akava, bigatuma habaho gusubiramo no gusana, ndetse bikanagira ingaruka ku miyoboro isanzwe y'amazi (umwuka).

Ibipimo: Mbere yo gushyiraho valve, hagomba gukorwa ibizamini by’imbaraga z’umuvuduko n’ubushyuhe. Ikizamini kigomba gusuzuma 10% bya buri gice (ikirango kimwe, ibipimo bimwe, icyitegererezo kimwe), kandi kitari munsi ya kimwe. Ku mvange zifunganye zishyirwa ku miyoboro minini zifite imikorere yo gukata, ibizamini by’imbaraga n’ubushyuhe bigomba gukorwa kimwe kimwe. Ibizamini by’imbaraga z’mvange n’ubushyuhe bigomba kubahiriza “Amabwiriza agenga ireme ry’ubwubatsi ku mishinga yo gutanga amazi, imiyoboro y’amazi n’ubushyuhe” (GB 50242-2002).

Ikizira cya 4

Ibikoresho by'ingenzi, ibikoresho n'ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa mu bwubatsi nta nyandiko z'isuzumabumenyi ry'ubuziranenge cyangwa ibyemezo by'ibicuruzwa bihuye n'amahame y'igihugu cyangwa ya minisiteri ariho ubu.

Ingaruka: Ubwiza bw'umushinga ntabwo buhagije, hari ibyago byihishe by'impanuka, ntushobora kugerwaho ku gihe, kandi ugomba kuvugururwa no gusanwa; bigatuma igihe cyo kubaka gitinda ndetse n'ishoramari ryinshi mu mirimo n'ibikoresho.

Ibipimo: Ibikoresho by'ingenzi, ibikoresho n'ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa mu mishinga yo gutanga amazi, imiyoboro y'amazi n'isukura bigomba kuba bifite inyandiko z'isuzumabumenyi ry'ubuziranenge cyangwa ibyemezo by'ibicuruzwa bihuye n'amahame ngenderwaho atangwa na leta cyangwa minisiteri; amazina y'ibicuruzwa byabyo, ingero, ibisobanuro, n'amahame ngenderwaho y'ubuziranenge ku rwego rw'igihugu bigomba gushyirwaho ikimenyetso. Nimero ya kode, itariki yakoreweho, izina ry'uruganda n'aho ruherereye, icyemezo cy'igenzura ry'ibicuruzwa by'uruganda cyangwa inomero ya kode.

Ikizira cya 5

Guhindura valve

Ingaruka:Valve zo kugenzura, valve zo kugabanya umuvuduko, valve zo kugenzuran'izindi valve zose zerekeza mu cyerekezo. Iyo zishyizwemo zigashyirwa hejuru, valve yo kugosora izagira ingaruka ku mikoreshereze n'ubuzima bw'ikoreshwa; valve igabanya umuvuduko ntabwo izakora na gato, kandi valve yo kugenzura ntabwo ikora na gato. Ndetse ishobora no guteza akaga.

Ibipimo: Muri rusange, valves zifite ibimenyetso byerekana icyerekezo ku mubiri wa valve; bitabaye ibyo, zigomba kumenyekana neza hashingiwe ku ihame ry'imikorere ya valve. Umwobo wa valve yo guhagarika ntabwo uhagaze neza uhereye ibumoso ugana iburyo, kandi amazi agomba kunyura mu muyoboro wa valve kuva hasi ugana hejuru. Muri ubu buryo, ubushobozi bwo kudakora neza kw'amazi ni buke (bugenwa n'imiterere), kandi bigabanya imbaraga gufungura (kuko igitutu kiri hagati kiri hejuru). Nyuma yo gufunga, icyuma ntigikandagira aho gipakira, ibyo bikaba byoroshye kubibungabunga. . Niyo mpamvu valve yo guhagarika idashobora gushyirwaho inyuma. Ntugashyire valve yo kwinjira urebye hasi (ni ukuvuga, uruziga rw'intoki rureba hasi), bitabaye ibyo icyuma kizaguma ahantu ho gupfuka valve igihe kirekire, ibyo bikangiza inkingi ya valve byoroshye, kandi bikaba bibujijwe n'ibisabwa bimwe na bimwe. Biragoye cyane gusimbuza ipaki icyarimwe. Ntugashyire valve zo kwinjira munsi y'ubutaka, bitabaye ibyo inkingi yo hanze izangirika bitewe n'ubushuhe. Mu gushyiraho valve yo kugenzura lift, menya neza ko disiki yayo ya valve ihagaze neza kugira ngo ibashe kuzamura neza. Mu gihe ushyiramo valve yo kugenzura swing, menya neza ko pin yayo iri ku rwego rwo hejuru ku buryo ishobora kunyeganyega neza. Valve igabanya umuvuduko igomba gushyirwaho ihagaze ku muyoboro utambitse kandi ntigomba kugorama mu cyerekezo icyo ari cyo cyose.

Ikizira 6

Valve ikoreshwa n'intoki irakinguka kandi igafunga n'imbaraga nyinshi

Ingaruka: Ingufu ishobora kwangirika byibuze, cyangwa impanuka ikomeye cyane ikabaho.

Ibipimo: Valve ikoreshwa n'intoki, urufunguzo rwayo cyangwa umukingo wayo, yakozwe hakurikijwe abakozi basanzwe, hashingiwe ku mbaraga z'ubuso bwo gufunga n'imbaraga zikenewe zo gufunga. Kubwibyo, imigozi miremire cyangwa imigozi miremire ntibishobora gukoreshwa mu kwimura ikibaho. Hari abantu bamenyereye gukoresha imigozi, bityo bagomba kwitonda ntibakoreshe imbaraga nyinshi, bitabaye ibyo byoroshye kwangiza ubuso bwo gufunga cyangwa kumena urufunguzo rw'intoki cyangwa umukingo. Kugira ngo ukingure kandi ufunge valve, imbaraga zigomba kuba zihamye kandi nta nkomyi. Bimwe mu bice bya valve zifite umuvuduko mwinshi bigira ingaruka ku gufungura no gufunga byatekereje ko iyi mbaraga y'ingaruka idashobora kungana n'iya valve zisanzwe. Kuri valve z'umwuka, zigomba gushyuha cyane kandi amazi afunze agomba gukurwaho mbere yo gufungura. Mu gufungura, zigomba gufungurwa buhoro buhoro kugira ngo hirindwe inyundo y'amazi. Iyo valve ifunguye neza, urufunguzo rw'intoki rugomba guhindurwa gato kugira ngo imigozi ikomeze kugira ngo hirindwe gucika intege no kwangirika. Ku valve z'imigozi zizamuka, ibuka aho urufatiro rw'urufunguzo ruhagaze iyo rufunguye neza kandi rufunze neza kugira ngo hirindwe gukubita hagati hejuru iyo rufunguye neza. Kandi biroroshye kugenzura niba ari ibisanzwe iyo rufunze neza. Iyo umuyoboro wa valve uguye, cyangwa imyanda minini iri hagati y’udupfundikizo tw’imvange, aho umuyoboro wa valve uherereye hazahinduka iyo ufunze neza. Iyo umuyoboro ukoreshejwe bwa mbere, hari umwanda mwinshi imbere. Ushobora gufungura valve gato, ugakoresha umuvuduko mwinshi w’icyuma kugira ngo uyikureho, hanyuma ukayifunga witonze (ntuyifunge vuba cyangwa ngo uyikubite kugira ngo wirinde ko imyanda isigara ifata ubuso bufunga). Ongera uyifungure, usubiremo inshuro nyinshi, woze umwanda, hanyuma usubire ku kazi gasanzwe. Ku bapfundikizi basanzwe bafungura, hashobora kuba hari umwanda uhambiriye ku buso bufunga. Mu gihe ufunga, koresha uburyo bwavuzwe haruguru kugira ngo uyisukure, hanyuma uyifunge neza ku mugaragaro. Niba urunigi rw'intoki cyangwa umugozi byangiritse cyangwa byatakaye, bigomba gusimbuzwa ako kanya. Ntugakoreshe icyuma gihindura uruziga kugira ngo uyisimbuze, kugira ngo wirinde kwangirika kw'impande enye z'umuyoboro wa valve, kudafungura no gufunga neza, ndetse no kugira impanuka mu gukora. Hari ibyuma bikonja nyuma y'uko valve ifunze, bigatuma ibice bya valve bigabanuka. Umukoresha agomba kongera kuyifunga mu gihe gikwiye kugira ngo nta cyuho gisigaye ku buso bufunga. Bitabaye ibyo, icyo gikoresho kizanyura mu miyoboro ku muvuduko mwinshi kandi cyoroshye kwangiza ubuso bufunga. Mu gihe cyo gukora, niba usanze igikorwa kiruhije cyane, ugomba gusesengura impamvu. Niba igipakira gifunganye cyane, kibohore neza. Niba igice cy'imvange kigoramye, menyesha abakozi bagisana. Iyo mvange zimwe na zimwe zifunze, ibice bifunga birashyuha kandi birushaho kwaguka, bigatuma bigorana gufungura; niba bigomba gufungurwa muri iki gihe, bohora umugozi w'igipfundikizo cya mvange igice cy'ihindukira kugeza ku ihindukira rimwe kugira ngo ukureho umuvuduko ku gice cy'imvange, hanyuma uhindure uruziga rw'intoki.

Ikizira cya 7

Gushyiraho neza valves zo mu bidukikije bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi

Ingaruka: gutera impanuka zo kumena amazi

Ibipimo: Valves zishyuha cyane zirenze 200°C ziba ziri ku bushyuhe busanzwe iyo zishyizwemo, ariko nyuma yo gukoreshwa bisanzwe, ubushyuhe burazamuka, bolts zirakura bitewe n'ubushyuhe, kandi icyuho kiriyongera, bityo zigomba kongera gukazwa, ari byo byitwa "gukazwa k'ubushyuhe". Abakoresha bagomba kwitondera iki gikorwa, bitabaye ibyo bishobora gutuma amazi ava mu kirere byoroshye.

Ikizira cya 8

Kunanirwa gusohora amazi ku gihe mu gihe cy'ubukonje

Ibipimo: Iyo ikirere gikonje kandi agakoresho k'amazi gafunze igihe kirekire, amazi yakusanyirijwe inyuma y'agakoresho agomba gukurwaho. Nyuma y'uko agakoresho k'umwuka gahagaritse umwuka, amazi yafunze agomba no gukurwaho. Hari agakoresho gafunga munsi y'agakoresho, gashobora gufungurwa kugira ngo amazi asohoke.

Ikizira cya 9

Ingufu zo gufungura no gufunga zitari ibyuma ni nini cyane

Ibipimo: Amwe mu mavali atari ay'icyuma arakomeye kandi aracikagurika, kandi amwe afite imbaraga nke. Mu gihe akora, imbaraga zo gufungura no gufunga ntizigomba kuba nini cyane, cyane cyane iyo zidakoreshejwe imbaraga. Witondere kandi kugira ngo wirinde kugongana n'ibintu.

Ikizira 10

Uburyo bushya bwo gupakira valve buragoye cyane

Ibipimo: Mu gihe ukoresha valve nshya, ntugakandagire cyane igipfunyika kugira ngo wirinde gusohoka, kugira ngo wirinde igitutu kinini ku gice cy'imashini, kwangirika vuba, no kugorwa no gufungura. Ubwiza bw'imashini ishyirwamo valve bugira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku ikoreshwa ryayo, bityo hagomba kwitabwaho cyane icyerekezo n'aho valve iherereye, ibikorwa byo kubaka valve, ibikoresho byo kurinda valve, uburyo bwo kuyikoresha mu nzira yo kuyihagarika no kuyishyira mu mwanya wayo, ndetse no gusimbuza valve.