Nubwoububiko bwa plastikirimwe na rimwe bifatwa nkibicuruzwa bidasanzwe-ihitamo rya mbere kubantu bakora cyangwa bashushanya ibicuruzwa biva mu mashanyarazi ya sisitemu yinganda cyangwa bagomba kuba bafite ibikoresho bisukuye cyane-ni bigufi ukeka ko iyi mibande idafite byinshi ikoreshwa-icyerekezo. Mubyukuri, uyumunsi plastike ya plastike ifite uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha, kubera ko ubwoko bwibikoresho bikomeza kwaguka, kandi abashushanya neza bakeneye ibyo bikoresho bivuze ko hari inzira nyinshi kandi nyinshi zo gukoresha ibyo bikoresho byinshi.

UMUTUNGO WA PLASTIC

Ibyiza bya valopoplastique ni nini - kwangirika, imiti no kurwanya abrasion; imbere imbere y'urukuta; uburemere bworoshye; koroshya kwishyiriraho; kuramba; no kugabanya ubuzima bwikurikiranya. Izi nyungu zatumye abantu benshi bemera ububiko bwa plastike mubikorwa byubucuruzi ninganda nko gukwirakwiza amazi, gutunganya amazi mabi, gutunganya ibyuma n’imiti, ibiryo na farumasi, uruganda rukora amashanyarazi, uruganda rutunganya amavuta hamwe na moPlastique birashobora gukorwa mubikoresho bitandukanye byakoreshejwe in Umubare. Indanganturo ya termoplastique ikunze gukorwa muri chloride ya polyvinyl (PVC), chlorine polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), polypropilene (PP), na fluoride polyvinylidene (PVDF). Indangantego za PVC na CPVC zisanzwe zifatanije na sisitemu yo kuvoma hakoreshejwe umusemburo wa sima wa sock, cyangwa ududodo twiziritse; mugihe, PP na PVDF bisaba guhuza ibice bya sisitemu, haba mubushuhe-, buto- cyangwa tekinoroji ya electro-fusion.

Imyanda ya Thermoplastique iruta ibidukikije byangirika, ariko ni ingirakamaro muri serivisi rusange y’amazi kuko iba idafite isuku1, irwanya dezincification kandi ntishobora kubora. Sisitemu yo kuvoma PVC na CPVC hamwe na valve bigomba gupimwa no kwemezwa kuri NSF [National Sanitation Foundation] igipimo cya 61 ku ngaruka z’ubuzima, harimo n’icyerekezo gike gisabwa ku mugereka G. Guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye by’amazi yangirika bishobora gukemurwa no kugisha inama imiti irwanya imiti. kuyobora no gusobanukirwa n'ingaruka ubushyuhe buzagira ku mbaraga za plastiki.

Nubwo polypropilene ifite kimwe cya kabiri cyimbaraga za PVC na CPVC, ifite imiti myinshi irwanya imiti kuko ntamuti uzwi. PP ikora neza muri acide yibanze ya acide na hydroxide, kandi irakenewe kandi kubisubizo byoroheje bya acide nyinshi, alkalis, umunyu hamwe nimiti myinshi kama.

PP irahari nkibintu bifite pigment cyangwa idafite pigment (naturel). PP karemano yangiritse cyane nimirasire ya ultraviolet (UV), ariko ibice birimo ibice birenga 2,5% bya karubone yumukara wa pigmentation UV ihagaze neza.

Sisitemu yo kuvoma PVDF ikoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye byinganda kuva muri farumasi kugeza mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro kubera imbaraga za PVDF, ubushyuhe bwakazi hamwe n’imiti irwanya imyunyu, acide ikomeye, ibishingwe byangiza hamwe n’imashanyarazi myinshi. Bitandukanye na PP, PVDF ntabwo yangizwa nizuba; icyakora, plastike ibonerana urumuri rwizuba kandi irashobora kwerekana amazi kumirasire ya UV. Mugihe uburyo busanzwe bwa PVDF budasanzwe, butagira isuku cyane mubisabwa mu nzu, wongeyeho pigment nkumutuku wo mu rwego rwibiryo byemerera guhura nizuba ryizuba nta ngaruka mbi bigira kumazi.

Sisitemu ya plastike ifite ibibazo byubushakashatsi, nko kumva ubushyuhe no kwagura ubushyuhe no kugabanuka, ariko injeniyeri zirashobora kandi zashizeho uburyo burebure burambye, buhendutse buhendutse bwibidukikije muri rusange kandi byangirika. Igishushanyo mbonera cyibanze ni uko coefficente yo kwagura ubushyuhe bwa plastike iruta icyuma-thermoplastique ikubye inshuro eshanu kugeza kuri esheshatu icyuma, urugero.

Mugihe cyo gutegura imiyoboro ya pipine no gusuzuma ingaruka ziterwa na valve hamwe na valve ishigikira, ikintu cyingenzi muri thermoplastique ni ukurambura ubushyuhe. Guhangayikishwa n'imbaraga zituruka ku kwaguka k'ubushyuhe no kugabanuka birashobora kugabanuka cyangwa kuvaho mugutanga ibintu byoroshye muri sisitemu yo kuvoma binyuze mubihinduka kenshi mubyerekezo cyangwa kwinjiza imirongo yagutse. Mugutanga ubu buryo bworoshye kuri sisitemu yo kuvoma, valve ya plastike ntizisabwa gukurura ibibazo byinshi (Ishusho 1).

Kuberako thermoplastique yunvikana nubushyuhe, igipimo cyumuvuduko wa valve kigabanuka uko ubushyuhe buzamuka. Ibikoresho bitandukanye bya pulasitiki bifite icyerekezo kijyanye n'ubushyuhe bwiyongereye. Ubushyuhe bwamazi ntibushobora kuba isoko yonyine yubushyuhe bushobora kugira ingaruka kumyuka yumuvuduko wa plastike - ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwo hanze bugomba kuba mubice byo gutekereza. Rimwe na rimwe, kudashushanya ubushyuhe bwo hanze bushobora gutera kugabanuka cyane kubera kubura imiyoboro. PVC ifite ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwa serivisi ya 140 ° F; CPVC ifite ntarengwa 220 ° F; PP ifite ntarengwa 180 ° F; na valve ya PVDF irashobora gukomeza umuvuduko kugeza kuri 280 ° F (Ishusho 2).

Ku rundi ruhande rwubushyuhe, sisitemu nyinshi zo kuvoma plastike zikora neza mubushyuhe buri munsi yubukonje. Mubyukuri, imbaraga zingana ziyongera mumashanyarazi ya termoplastique uko ubushyuhe bugabanuka. Nyamara, kurwanya ingaruka za plastiki nyinshi bigabanuka uko ubushyuhe bugabanuka, kandi ubukana bugaragara mubikoresho byatewe. Mugihe cyose imiyoboro hamwe na sisitemu yo guhuza imiyoboro idahungabanye, ntibibangamiwe no gukubitwa cyangwa kugonga ibintu, kandi umuyoboro ntugabanuka mugihe cyo gukora, ingaruka mbi kumiyoboro ya plastike iragabanuka.

UBWOKO BWA VALVES ZA THERMOPLASTIC

Imipira yumupira,reba indanga,ikinyugunyuguna diafragm valve iraboneka muri buri kimwe mubikoresho bitandukanye bya termoplastique kuri gahunda 80 sisitemu yo kuvoma imiyoboro nayo ifite uburyo bwinshi bwo guhitamo hamwe nibikoresho. Umuyoboro usanzwe wumupira usanga akenshi ari igishushanyo mbonera cyubumwe kugirango byorohereze umubiri wa valve kugirango ubungabunge nta guhungabanya guhuza imiyoboro. Kugenzura ibipimo bya Thermoplastique birahari nkigenzura ryumupira, kugenzura swing, y-kugenzura na cone. Ibinyugunyugu byikinyugunyugu byoroshye guhuza ibyuma byicyuma kuko bihuye nu mwobo wa bolt, umuzenguruko wa bolt hamwe nuburinganire rusange bwa ANSI Icyiciro cya 150. Imbere yimbere ya diametre yimbere yibice bya termoplastique byiyongera gusa kugenzura neza na diafragm.

Imipira yumupira muri PVC na CPVC ikorwa namasosiyete menshi yo muri Amerika n’amahanga mu bunini bwa 1/2 santimetero kugeza kuri santimetero 6 hamwe na sock, umugozi cyangwa guhuza. Igishushanyo nyacyo cyububiko bwimipira yiki gihe kirimo ibinyomoro bibiri byinjira kumubiri, bikanda kashe ya elastomeric hagati yumubiri nuhuza amaherezo. Bamwe mu bakora uruganda bakomeje umupira umwe wo gushyiramo uburebure hamwe nududodo twinshi mumyaka mirongo kugirango bemererwe gusimbuza byoroshye indangagaciro zishaje nta guhindura imiyoboro ifatanye.

Imipira yumupira hamwe na Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) kashe ya elastomeric igomba kwemezwa kuri NSF-61G kugirango ikoreshwe mumazi meza. Fluorocarbon (FKM) kashe ya elastomeric irashobora gukoreshwa nkuburyo bwa sisitemu aho guhuza imiti biteye impungenge. FKM irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mubikorwa byinshi birimo acide minerval, usibye hydrogène chloride, ibisubizo byumunyu, hydrocarbone ya chlorine hamwe namavuta ya peteroli.

Igishushanyo cya 3. Umuyoboro wumupira uhindagurika wometse kuri tankFigure 4.Ibikoresho byo kugenzura umupira byashyizwe mu buryo buhagaritse imipira yumupira wa PVC na CPVC, 1/2-santimetero kugeza kuri santimetero 2, ni amahitamo meza yo gukoresha amazi ashyushye kandi akonje aho amazi menshi adatunguranye serivisi irashobora kuba nini nka 250 psi kuri 73 ° F. Imipira minini yumupira, santimetero 2-1 / 2 kugeza kuri santimetero 6, izaba ifite umuvuduko muke wa psi 150 kuri 73 ° F. Bikunze gukoreshwa muburyo bwo gutwara imiti, PP na PVDF imipira yumupira (Ishusho 3 na 4), iboneka mubunini bwa 1/2 santimetero kugeza kuri santimetero 4 hamwe na sock, umugozi cyangwa imigozi ihanamye bikunze kugereranywa na serivisi ntarengwa y’amazi adahungabana ya 150 psi ku bushyuhe bwibidukikije.

Kugenzura imipira ya Thermoplastique yishingikiriza kumupira ufite uburemere bwihariye butari ubw'amazi, kugirango niba umuvuduko wabuze kuruhande rwo hejuru, umupira uzasubira inyuma hejuru yikimenyetso. Iyi mibande irashobora gukoreshwa muri serivise imwe nkibikoresho bya pulasitike bisa kuko bitinjiza ibikoresho bishya muri sisitemu. Ubundi bwoko bwa cheque valve irashobora gushiramo amasoko yicyuma adashobora kumara mubidukikije.

Igicapo 5.Ibinyugunyugu bifite ikinyugunyugu cya elastomericIcyuma cya kinyugunyugu cya plastike gifite ubunini bwa santimetero 2 kugeza kuri santimetero 24 kirazwi cyane kuri sisitemu nini ya diameter. Abakora ibinyugunyugu bya kinyugunyugu bafata inzira zitandukanye muburyo bwo kubaka no gufunga hejuru. Bamwe bakoresha elastomeric liner (Igicapo 5) cyangwa O-impeta, mugihe abandi bakoresha disiki ya elastomeric. Bamwe bakora umubiri mubintu bimwe, ariko imbere, ibice bitose bikora nkibikoresho bya sisitemu, bivuze ko umubiri wa polypropilene butterfly valve umubiri ushobora kuba urimo EPDM liner na disiki ya PVC cyangwa ibindi bikoresho byinshi hamwe na kashe ya termoplastique hamwe na kashe ya elastomeric.

Kwishyiriraho ibinyugunyugu bya plastike biroroshye kuko iyi valve yakozwe muburyo bwa wafer hamwe na kashe ya elastomeric yagenewe umubiri. Ntibasaba kongeramo gasike. Shyira hagati yibice bibiri byo gushyingiranwa, kumanura hejuru yikinyugunyugu cya plastike bigomba gukemurwa ubwitonzi ukazamuka kuri tike isabwa mubyiciro bitatu. Ibi bikorwa kugirango habeho kashe iringaniye hejuru kandi ko nta mpagarara zingana zingana zikoreshwa kuri valve.

Igishushanyo cya 6. Diaphragm valveMetal valve yabanyamwuga bazasanga imirimo yo hejuru ya plaque ya diafragm ya plastike hamwe nuruziga hamwe nibipimo byerekana (Ishusho 6); icyakora, plaque ya diaphragm ya plastike irashobora gushiramo ibyiza bitandukanye harimo urukuta rwimbere rwimbere rwumubiri wa termoplastique. Bisa na plastike yumupira wa plastike, abakoresha iyi valve bafite amahitamo yo gushiraho igishushanyo nyacyo cyubumwe, gishobora kuba ingirakamaro cyane kubikorwa byo kubungabunga kuri valve. Cyangwa, umukoresha arashobora guhitamo guhuza. Kubera amahitamo yose yumubiri nibikoresho bya diaphragm, iyi valve irashobora gukoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha imiti.

Kimwe na valve iyo ari yo yose, urufunguzo rwo gukora plaque ya plastike ni ukumenya ibisabwa kugirango ukore nka pneumatike nu mashanyarazi na DC na AC power. Ariko hamwe na plastiki, uwashizeho umukoresha nuwukoresha agomba kumva ubwoko bwibidukikije bizenguruka ibikorwa. Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, ububiko bwa pulasitike nuburyo bwiza bwibintu byangirika, birimo ibidukikije byangirika. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibikoresho byamazu ya moteri ikora kuri plaque ya plastike ni ikintu cyingenzi. Uruganda rukora plastike rufite amahitamo kugirango ruhuze ibikenewe byangiza ibidukikije muburyo bwa pulasitike itwikiriwe na plastike cyangwa ibyuma bisizwe na epoxy.

Nkuko iyi ngingo ibigaragaza, ububiko bwa plastike uyumunsi butanga ubwoko bwamahitamo kubintu bishya nibihe.