Ihame ryo gufunga valve

Hari ubwoko bwinshi bwa valve, ariko akazi kazo k'ibanze ni kamwe, ari ko guhuza cyangwa guhagarika urujya n'uruza rw'ibikoresho. Bityo, ikibazo cyo gufunga valve kiba kigaragara cyane.

Kugira ngo valve ishobore gukata neza inzira ikoreshwa mu kuyihagarika no gukumira ko iva, ni ngombwa kwemeza ko ifunga rya valve rimeze neza. Hari impamvu nyinshi zituma valve iva, harimo imiterere idasobanutse, ubuso budafite aho buhuriye n’imvange, ibice bifunga birekuye, guhuza neza hagati y’umubiri wa valve n’igipfundikizo cya valve, nibindi. Ibi bibazo byose bishobora gutuma valve ivangwa nabi. Bityo, bigatera ikibazo cyo kuva. Kubwibyo,ikoranabuhanga ryo gufunga valveni ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi rijyanye n'imikorere n'ubwiza bwa valve, kandi risaba ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kandi bunoze.

Kuva aho bashinze valves, ikoranabuhanga ryabo ryo kuziba ryagize iterambere rikomeye. Kugeza ubu, ikoranabuhanga ryo kuziba valves rigaragarira ahanini mu bintu bibiri by'ingenzi, ari byo kuziba static na dynamic sealing.

Icyo bita "static seal" akenshi kivuga ku "static seal" iri hagati y'ubuso bubiri butaziguye. Uburyo bwo gufunga bwa "static seal" ahanini bukoresha gaskets.

Icyo bita "dynamic seal" ahanini kivuga kurigufunga igice cy'umugozi w'ingufu, bibuza ko umwuka uri muri valve uva mu gihe ugenda ugana ku gice cy'umugozi. Uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo gufunga hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gufunga bukoresha imbaraga ni ugukoresha agasanduku ko gushyiramo ibintu.

1. Ikimenyetso gihoraho

Gufunga ibintu mu buryo butajegajega bivuga ishyirwaho ry’agapfundikizo hagati y’ibice bibiri bidahinduka, kandi uburyo bwo gufunga bukoresha cyane cyane gaskets. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bw’udupfundikizo. Udupfundikizo dukoreshwa cyane turimo udupfundikizo duto, udupfundikizo dufite ishusho ya O, udupfundikizo dupfundikizo, udupfundikizo dufite ishusho yihariye, udupfundikizo duto n’udupfundikizo duto. Buri bwoko bushobora kugabanywamo ibice bitewe n’ibikoresho bitandukanye byakoreshejwe.
①Akamashini koza imyenda gafite igorofaUdukoresho two kumesa tworoshye ni utumashini two kumesa tworoshye dushyirwa hagati y’ibice bibiri bidahinduka. Muri rusange, hakurikijwe ibikoresho byakoreshejwe, dushobora kugabanywamo utumashini two kumesa tworoshye twa pulasitiki, utumashini two kumesa tworoshye twa rubber, utumashini two kumesa tworoshye twa icyuma n’utumashini two kumesa tworoshye twa composite. Buri gikoresho gifite urwego rwacyo.
②Impeta ya O. Impeta ya O yerekeza ku gasket ifite igice cya O. Kubera ko igice cyayo cya O gisa n'impeta ya O, ifite ubushobozi bwo kwifata, bityo ingaruka zo gufunga ni nziza kuruta iza gasket ishaje.
③Harimo imiyoboro yo kumesa. Gasket ipfunyitse yerekeza kuri gasket ipfunyikira ikintu runaka ku kindi gikoresho. Gasket nk'iyo muri rusange ifite ubushobozi bwo koroha kandi ishobora kongera ubushobozi bwo gufunga. ④Imiyoboro yo kumesa ifite imiterere yihariye. Imiyoboro yo kumesa ifite imiterere yihariye yerekeza kuri gasket zifite imiterere idahuye, harimo imiyoboro yo kumesa y'inyuma, imiyoboro yo kumesa ya diyama, imiyoboro yo kumesa ifite imiterere itandukanye, imiyoboro yo kumesa ifite imiterere ya dovetail, n'ibindi. Iyi miyoboro muri rusange ifite ubushobozi bwo kwifata kandi ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu miyoboro yo kumishamo umwuka mwinshi n'iciriritse.
⑤Imashini yoza amazi mu mazi. Imashini zoza amazi mu mazi ni imashini zifite ishusho y’umuraba gusa. Izi gasket ubusanzwe zigizwe n’ibikoresho by’icyuma n’ibitari ibyuma. Muri rusange zifite imiterere y’imbaraga nke zo gukanda no kuzifunga neza.
⑥ Zingira agakoresho ko kumesa. Agakoresho ko kumesa bivuze gaskets zikozwe no gupfunyika uduce tw'icyuma duto n'uduce tutari icyuma. Ubwo bwoko bwa gasket bufite ubushobozi bwo gukurura no gufunga neza. Ibikoresho byo gukora gaskets birimo ahanini ibyiciro bitatu, ari byo ibikoresho by'icyuma, ibikoresho bitari icyuma n'ibikoresho bivanze. Muri rusange, ibikoresho by'icyuma bifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi birwanya ubushyuhe bukomeye. Ibikoresho by'icyuma bikunze gukoreshwa birimo umuringa, aluminiyumu, icyuma, nibindi. Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibikoresho bitari icyuma, harimo ibikoresho bya pulasitiki, ibikoresho bya rubber, ibicuruzwa bya asbestos, ibicuruzwa bya hemp, nibindi. Ibi bikoresho bitari icyuma bikoreshwa cyane kandi bishobora gutoranywa hakurikijwe ibyo ukeneye byihariye. Hariho kandi ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibikoresho bivanze, harimo laminates, panels bivanze, nibindi, nabyo bitoranywa hakurikijwe ibyo ukeneye byihariye. Muri rusange, gaskets za corrugated na spiral wound washers ni byo bikoreshwa cyane.

2. Ikimenyetso gihinduka

Ifunze rikoresha imbaraga rigena ifunze ribuza amazi gutembera mu gice cy’ifunze kuva mu gice cy’ifunze. Iki ni ikibazo cyo gufunga mu gihe cyo kugenda. Uburyo bw’ingenzi bwo gufunga ni agasanduku ko gushyiramo ibintu. Hari ubwoko bubiri bw’ibanze bw’udusanduku two gushyiramo ibintu: ubwoko bw’ifunze n’ubwoko bw’ifunze. Ubwoko bw’ifunze ni bwo bukoreshwa cyane muri iki gihe. Muri rusange, ukurikije imiterere y’ifunze, ishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri: ubwoko buvanze n’ubwoko bw’ifatizo. Nubwo buri shusho itandukanye, muri rusange harimo n’udupira two gukanda. Ubwoko bw’ifunze rikoreshwa muri rusange ku dupira duto. Kubera ko ubu bwoko ari buto, imbaraga zo gukanda ni nke.
Mu gasanduku ko gushyiramo ibintu, kubera ko ipaki ikorana neza n'umugongo wa valve, ipaki isabwa kugira ifunga neza, ihangana rito, ishobora kumenyera igitutu n'ubushyuhe bw'icyuma, kandi ikaba idashobora kwangirika. Muri iki gihe, ipaki ikoreshwa cyane irimo impeta za O-rubber, ipaki ya polytetrafluoroethylene, ipaki ya asbestos n'ipaki ya pulasitiki. Buri paki ifite imiterere n'urwego rwayo, kandi igomba gutoranywa hakurikijwe ibyo ikeneye byihariye. Ipaki ni ukugira ngo hirindwe ko amazi ava, bityo ihame ryo gufunga valve naryo ryigwa mu rwego rwo gukumira ko amazi ava. Hari ibintu bibiri by'ingenzi bitera ko amazi ava. Kimwe ni ikintu cy'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku mikorere yo gufunga, ni ukuvuga icyuho kiri hagati y'ipaki, ikindi ni itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko hagati y'impande zombi z'ipaki. Ihame ryo gufunga valve naryo risesengurwa mu ngingo enye: gufunga amazi, gufunga gaze, ihame ryo gufunga umuyoboro w'amazi n'ipaki ya valve.

Ubushyuhe bw'amazi

Imiterere yo gufunga amazi igenwa n'ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko w'amazi. Iyo umuyoboro w'amazi utemba wuzuyemo umwuka, umuvuduko w'amazi ushobora kwirukana amazi cyangwa ukinjiza amazi mu muyoboro. Ibi bituma habaho inguni ihindagurika. Iyo inguni ihindagurika iri munsi ya 90°, amazi azashyirwa mu muyoboro, maze amazi agasohoka. Gusohoka bibaho bitewe n'imiterere itandukanye y'imiyoboro. Igerageza rikoresha imiyoboro itandukanye rizatanga umusaruro utandukanye mu bihe bimwe. Ushobora gukoresha amazi, umwuka cyangwa peteroli, nibindi. Iyo inguni ihindagurika irenze 90°, amazi na yo azavaho. Kubera ko bifitanye isano n'amavuta cyangwa ishashi ku buso bw'icyuma. Iyo izi firime z'ubuso zimaze gushonga, imiterere y'ubuso bw'icyuma irahinduka, kandi amazi yakuweho mbere azatose ubuso bukavaho. Ukurikije ibi byavuzwe haruguru, dukurikije formula ya Poisson, intego yo gukumira gusohoka cyangwa kugabanya ingano y'amazi ishobora kugerwaho binyuze mu kugabanya umurambararo w'imiyoboro no kongera ubushyuhe bw'imiyoboro.

Gufungana kwa gazi

Dukurikije formula ya Poisson, ubukana bwa gazi bufitanye isano n'ubukana bwa molekile za gazi na gazi. Gusohoka kw'amazi bingana mu buryo bunyuranye n'uburebure bw'umuyoboro wa capillary n'ubukana bwa gazi, kandi bingana neza n'umurambararo w'umuyoboro wa capillary n'imbaraga ziwuyobora. Iyo umurambararo w'umuyoboro wa capillary ari kimwe n'ikigereranyo cy'ubwisanzure bwa molekile za gazi, molekile za gazi zinjira mu muyoboro wa capillary zifite umuvuduko w'ubushyuhe. Kubwibyo, iyo dukora ikizamini cyo gufunga valve, igikoresho kigomba kuba amazi kugira ngo kigere ku ngaruka zo gufunga, kandi umwuka, ni ukuvuga gazi, ntushobora kugera ku ngaruka zo gufunga.

Nubwo twagabanya umurambararo wa capillary munsi ya molekile za gaze binyuze mu guhindura imiterere ya pulasitiki, ntabwo dushobora guhagarika urujya n'uruza rwa gaze. Impamvu ni uko gaze zishobora gukwirakwira mu nkuta z'icyuma. Kubwibyo, iyo dukora ibizamini bya gaze, tugomba kuba abakomeye kurusha ibizamini by'amazi.

Ihame ryo gufunga umuyoboro usohoka

Ifu ya valve igizwe n'ibice bibiri: ubusumbane bukwirakwira ku buso bw'umuraba n'ubukana bw'ubukana mu ntera iri hagati y'isonga ry'umuraba. Mu gihe ibikoresho byinshi by'icyuma mu gihugu cyacu bifite ubukana buke bwo gukurura, niba dushaka kugera ku rwego rwo gupfunyika, tugomba kongera ibisabwa ku mbaraga zo gupfunyika z'ibikoresho by'icyuma, ni ukuvuga ko imbaraga zo gupfunyika z'ibikoresho zigomba kurenza ubukana bwabyo. Kubwibyo, mu gihe cyo gushushanya valve, ipfundo ryo gupfunyika rihuzwa n'itandukaniro ry'ubukana runaka. Mu gihe cy'igitutu, hazakorwa ingaruka runaka zo gupfunyika kwa pulasitiki.

Niba ubuso bwo gufunga bukozwe mu byuma, ingingo zitangana ku buso zizagaragara vuba. Mu ntangiriro, umutwaro muto ni wo ushobora gukoreshwa mu gutuma izi ngingo zitangana zihinduka. Iyo ubuso bwo guhuriraho bwiyongera, ubusumbane bw'ubuso buhinduka ubusumbane bwa pulasitiki. Muri iki gihe, ubusumbane ku mpande zombi mu gice cyo hasi buzaba buhari. Iyo bibaye ngombwa gushyiramo umutwaro ushobora gutera ubusumbane bukomeye bwa pulasitiki ku bikoresho biri munsi, no gukora ubuso bubiri bufatanye hafi, izi nzira zisigaye zishobora gukorwa hafi ku murongo uhoraho no mu cyerekezo kizengurutse.

Ifuru y'ikimenyetso cya value

Igice cyo gufunga cy'imashini ni igice cy'intebe ya valve n'igice cyo gufunga gifunga iyo bihuye. Mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha, ubuso bwo gufunga bw'icyuma buhita bwangirika byoroshye bitewe n'ibikoresho byashyizwemo, ingese, uduce twangiritse, gucika kw'imashini no gushwanyagurika. Nk'uduce twangiritse. Niba uduce twangiritse ari duto ugereranyije n'ubugari bw'ubuso, ubwiza bw'ubuso buzarushaho kwiyongera aho kwangirika iyo ubuso bwo gufunga bwamaze kwangirika. Ahubwo, ubwiza bw'ubuso buzagabanuka. Kubwibyo, mu guhitamo uduce twangiritse, ibintu nk'ibikoresho byabyo, imiterere y'akazi, ubushyuhe, n'ingese ku buso bwo gufunga bigomba gusuzumwa neza.

Kimwe n'uduce twangiritse, iyo duhisemo ibipfukamunwa, tugomba gusuzuma mu buryo bwimbitse ibintu bitandukanye bigira ingaruka ku mikorere yabyo kugira ngo hirindwe ko byavaho. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa guhitamo ibikoresho birwanya ingese, gushwanyagurika no gushwanyagurika. Bitabaye ibyo, kutagira icyo bisabwa bizagabanya cyane imikorere yabyo yo gufunga.