Kuva uyu mwaka watangira, ibiciro by'imizigo mu isanduku mpuzamahangaisokobyakomeje kwiyongera, ibyo bikaba byaragize ingaruka zikomeye ku bijyanye n'ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga, ubwikorezi n'ibindiubucuruzi.

Mu mpera za Kanama, igipimo cy’ubwikorezi bw’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu Bushinwa cyageze ku manota 3.079, ubwiyongere bwa 240.1% mu gihe nk’icyo mu 2020, kandi kikubye kabiri amanota 1.336 mbere y’uko iki cyiciro cy’ubwiyongere bw’ibicuruzwa cyatangira.

Uku kwiyongera kw'ibiciro kugaragara ku rwego rwagutse. Mbere ya 2020, ukwiyongera kw'ibiciro ku isoko ry'amakonteyineri kwari ahanini mu nzira zimwe na zimwe no mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, ariko muri rusange iki cyiciro cyariyongereye. Igipimo cy'ibiciro ku nzira zikomeye nka inzira y'i Burayi, inzira y'Abanyamerika, inzira y'Ubuyapani-Koreya y'Epfo, inzira y'Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Amajyepfo, n'inzira y'inyanja ya Mediterane cyiyongereyeho 410.5 ugereranije n'impera za 2019. %, 198.2%, 39.1%, 89.7% na 396.7%.

Igipimo cy'imizigo "Itagaragaraga mbere" cyariyongereye

Ku bijyanye n’iterambere ry’isoko mpuzamahanga ry’ubwikorezi bw’amakontena, Jia Dashan, visi perezida w’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku bwikorezi bwo mu mazi cya Minisiteri y’ubwikorezi, umaze imyaka myinshi akora ubushakashatsi ku nganda, na we yavuze ko “bitagaragaraga mbere”.

Jia Dashan yavuze ko ukurikije icyifuzo, ubukungu bw'isi bwakomeje kuzamuka kuva mu ntangiriro z'uyu mwaka, kandi ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bwongeye kongera kwiyongera vuba. Ugereranyije n'igihe nk'icyo mu 2019, icyifuzo cyo gutwara amakontenari cyiyongereyeho hafi 6%. Mu Bushinwa ibintu ni byiza kurushaho. Guhera muri Kamena 2020, inganda n'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga byohereza mu mahanga byageze ku iterambere rihoraho.

Ukurikije uburyo bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa, ubushobozi bw'amato yibasiwe n'icyorezo bwaragabanutse cyane. Ibihugu byongereye uburyo bwo gukumira no kugenzura icyorezo cyaturutse mu bihugu bya kure, byongereye igihe amato yahagararaga mu byambu, kandi bigabanya ubushobozi bw'uruhererekane rw'ibikoresho byo mu ruganda. Igihe mpuzandengo cy'amato yahagararaga ku cyambu cyiyongereyeho iminsi 2, kandi amato yo ku byambu bya Amerika y'Amajyaruguru yamaze iminsi irenga 8 ku cyambu. Kugabanuka kw'ibiciro byagabanyije agaciro k'ibiciro bya mbere. Ugereranyije n'uko ingano y'ibiciro by'ibikoresho n'ibikenewe mu 2019 yari irenze gato, hari ibura ry'ibiciro.gutangahafi 10%.

Ibura ry’abakozi rikomeje kwiyongera naryo ryongereye ibura. Icyorezo gikomeye mu bihugu bikomeye byo mu mazi nka Filipine n’Ubuhinde, hamwe n’ihinduka ry’abakozi n’ubwigunge, byatumye ikiguzi cy’abakozi ku isoko ry’amazi kizamuka cyane.

Bitewe n’ibintu byavuzwe haruguru, isano isanzwe hagati y’ibitangwa ku isoko n’ibikenewe yasubiye inyuma cyane, kandi igipimo cy’imizigo y’amakontena cyakomeje kwiyongera cyane.

Imibare ituruka mu Nama y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ishinzwe Ubucuruzi n’Iterambere, imisoro n’ibyambu by’Ubushinwa igaragaza ko kuva mbere y’icyorezo cyatangira kugeza muri Nyakanga uyu mwaka, ibirenga 80% by’ubucuruzi ku isi byakozwe mu mazi, mu gihe igipimo cy’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga bw’Ubushinwa bwinjiye mu mahanga n’ubwoherezwa mu mahanga bwaturutse ku cyorezo. Ibipimo bya mbere bya 94.3% byiyongereyeho 94.8% ubu.

“Dukurikije ubushakashatsi bufatika, mu bucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga no kohereza mu mahanga mu Bushinwa, igipimo cy’ibicuruzwa bifite uburenganzira bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa bugenzurwa n’ibigo by’imbere mu gihugu kiri munsi ya 30%. Iki gice cy’ibigo kizagira ingaruka zitaziguye ku ihindagurika ry’ibiciro, mu gihe ibindi bigo byinshi mu by’ukuri bitazagira ingaruka ku ihindagurika ry’ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa.” Jia Dashan yasesenguye. Mu yandi magambo, ukwiyongera kw’ibiciro biterwa n’izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa bizabanza kwerekezwa ku baguzi b’abanyamahanga, kandi ingaruka zitaziguye ku bigo by’Abashinwa ni nke cyane.

Ariko, nk'ikiguzi gikomeye cy'ibicuruzwa, kwiyongera kw'ibiciro by'imizigo nta kabuza bizagira ingaruka zikomeye ku bigo by'Ubushinwa, ahanini bigaragazwa n'igabanuka rya serivisi z'ubwikorezi. Bitewe n'igabanuka ry'ingengabihe y'ingendo z'indege n'umwanya muto, ubucuruzi bw'ibigo by'Ubushinwa bitunganya ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ntabwo bugenda neza. Nubwo ibyo bicuruzwa byatumijwe neza, ibyo bicuruzwa bizagirwaho ingaruka n'ubwikorezi bubi, bizagira ingaruka ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ibyo bicuruzwa n'uburyo ikigo gitunganya ibicuruzwa.

“Ibigo bito n’ibiciriritse bizagerwaho cyane.” Jia Dashan yizera ko kubera kubura garanti z’amasezerano y’igihe kirekire, ibigo bito n’ibiciriritse byibanda cyane cyane ku gushaka serivisi zo gutwara abantu ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi. Bitewe n’ubushobozi bwo guteganya no gutanga garanti z’ubushobozi, bihura n’ubwiyongere bw’ibiciro by’imizigo muri iki gihe. Ikibazo cy’uko “agasanduku karagoye kuboneka, kandi inzu y’akazu iragoye kuboneka”. Byongeye kandi, amashami y’ikigo gishinzwe gutwara abantu n’ibintu mu gihugu azongeraho andi mafaranga yo gutwara imizigo n’ayo kubika bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’ibiciro by’imizigo no kugabanuka kw’igihe cyo gutwara indege.

Kongera ubushobozi biragoye kuvura

Dukurikije amakuru aturuka mu bigo bikora ubushakashatsi ku isoko ry’amazi, ubushobozi bw’amato yo mu mazi ku isi yose bwo gukora amakonteyineri bwaragabanutse kugeza munsi ya 1%. Uretse amato agomba gusanwa, ubushobozi hafi ya bwose bwashyizwe ku isoko. Ba nyir'amato benshi batangiye kongera ubushobozi bwo gutumiza, ariko intera ndende ntishobora guhaza inyota. Abatwara amato baracyatangaza ko ubushobozi bukiri buke kandi biragoye kubona akazu kamwe.

Zhu Pengzhou, umwe mu bagize Shanghai Shipping Exchange, yavuze ko uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa rwitwa uruhererekane kuko ubushobozi bw'uruhererekane rwose bukunze kugerwaho n'ingaruka z'uruhererekane rw'amakamyo. Urugero, kugabanuka k'ubushobozi bwo gupakurura no gusubiza amakamyo mu nganda, ibura ry'abashoferi b'amakamyo, n'umuvuduko uhagije wo gupakurura no gusubiza amakontena mu nganda byose bizatera imbogamizi. Amasosiyete y'ubwato kongera ubushobozi bwo gutwara amato ntibishobora kunoza ubushobozi rusange bw'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa.

Jia Dashan arabyemera cyane. Ku bijyanye n'ubusabe, ugereranyije n'igihe nk'icyo mu 2019, ubusabe bwo gutwara amakontenari bwiyongereyeho hafi 6%. Ku bijyanye n'ubushobozi, ubushobozi bwiyongereyeho hafi 7.5% muri icyo gihe. Bigaragara ko ukudahuza hagati y'ibitangwa n'ubusabe atari ukubera ubushobozi buke. Ubwiyongere budahagije bw'ubusabe bw'imizigo buterwa n'icyorezo, gukusanya no gukwirakwiza nabi, ubucucike bw'ibyambu, no kugabanuka k'imikorere y'amato ni byo mpamvu nyamukuru.

Kubera iyo mpamvu, ba nyir'ubwato ubu baracyari maso cyane ku bijyanye no gushora imari mu kubaka amato. Bitarenze Kanama 2021, igipimo cy'ubushobozi bwo gutumiza amato mu mato asanzwe kiziyongera kigere kuri 21.3%, ari munsi cyane y'urwego rwa 60% ku rwego rwo hejuru rw'ubwikorezi bwa nyuma mu 2007. Nubwo aya mato yashyirwa mu bikorwa mbere ya 2024, hamwe n'igipimo cy'ubwiyongere bw'umwaka cya 3% n'igipimo cy'ubwiyongere bw'umwaka cya 3%, isano iri hagati y'ubushobozi n'ingano izakomeza guhinduka, kandi isoko rizakomeza kugumana igipimo cyo hejuru cy'ubwikorezi.

Ni ryari "kugorwa kubona inzu yo kubamo" bizagabanya ikibazo

Izamuka ry’umuvuduko w’imizigo ntabwo ari ryiza gusa ku bigo by’ubucuruzi, ahubwo rizanazana ibyago bikomeye n’ibibazo bikomeye ku bigo by’ubwikorezi mu gihe kirekire.

Isosiyete mpuzamahanga y’ubwikorezi bw’amato CMA CGM yatangaje neza ko kuva muri Nzeri uyu mwaka kugeza muri Gashyantare 2022, izahagarika izamuka ry’ibiciro by’imizigo ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi. Hapag-Lloyd yavuze kandi ko yafashe ingamba zo guhagarika izamuka ry’ibiciro by’imizigo.

“Biteganijwe ko impera za 2021 zizazana izamuka ry’umuvuduko w’ubwikorezi ku isoko, kandi umuvuduko w’ubwikorezi uzajya winjira buhoro buhoro mu buryo bwo guhamagara. Birumvikana ko ingaruka zo kutamenya neza ibyihutirwa zishobora guterwa n’ibibazo.” Zhang Yongfeng, umujyanama mukuru w’ikigo mpuzamahanga cy’ubushakashatsi ku ubwikorezi cya Shanghai akaba n’umuyobozi w’ikigo cy’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga cya Shanghai Express.

Jia Dashan yagize ati: “Nubwo isano hagati y’ibicuruzwa n’ibikenewe yakongera kuzamuka kugeza ku rwego rwa 2019, bitewe n’izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibintu bitandukanye, biragoye ko igipimo cy’imizigo gisubira ku rwego rwa 2016 kugeza 2019.”

Ukurikije igipimo cyo hejuru cy’imizigo muri iki gihe, ba nyir’imizigo benshi bakunze gusinya amasezerano y’igihe kirekire yo guhagarika igipimo cy’imizigo, kandi igipimo cy’amasezerano y’igihe kirekire ku isoko kigenda cyiyongera buhoro buhoro.

Inzego za leta nazo zirimo gukora cyane. Birumvikana ko Minisiteri y’Ubwikorezi, Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi n’izindi nzego bireba zashyize mu bikorwa politiki zo kwamamaza ibikorwa bitandukanye nko kwagura ikorwa ry’amakontena, kuyobora amasosiyete y’amakontena kugira ngo yongere ubushobozi, no kunoza serivisi z’ibijyanye n’ubwikorezi kugira ngo uruhererekane mpuzamahanga rw’ibicuruzwa by’inganda rukomeze kumererwa neza.