Bitewe n’iterambere ry’imibereho y’abaturage, ubukangurambaga ku kurengera ibidukikije n’ibibazo by’ubuzima, impinduramatwara mu nganda z’ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi yatangijwe mu bijyanye no gutanga amazi no kuyasukura. Dukurikije imibare myinshi ijyanye no kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’amazi, imiyoboro y’ibyuma ikonje muri rusange yangiritse nyuma y’imyaka itarenze 5 imaze ikora, kandi impumuro y’icyuma ni mbi cyane. Abaturage binubiye inzego za leta imwe ku yindi, bigatera ikibazo cy’imibereho. Ugereranyije n’imiyoboro gakondo y’ibyuma, imiyoboro ya pulasitiki ifite imiterere y’uburemere bworoheje, idakira ingese, ifite imbaraga nyinshi zo gukanda, ifite isuku n’umutekano, idakira amazi menshi, irinda ingufu, igabanya ibyuma, ifite ibidukikije byiza byo guturamo, imara igihe kirekire, kandi yoroheye kuyishyiraho. Ikundwa n’abahanga mu by’ubwubatsi kandi ifite umwanya ukomeye cyane, ikora iterambere ridafite ishingiro.

Ibiranga n'imikoreshereze y'imiyoboro ya pulasitiki

Ip Umuyoboro wa polipropilene (PPR)

(1) Mu mishinga y’ubwubatsi n’imitangire y’amazi iriho ubu, imiyoboro myinshi yo gushyushya no gutanga amazi ni imiyoboro ya PPR (ibice). Ibyiza byayo ni uko yoroshye kuyishyiraho vuba, ihendutse kandi irinda ibidukikije, ifite uburemere bworoheje, isuku n’uburozi, irwanya ubushyuhe neza, irwanya ingese, irinda ubushyuhe neza, iramba igihe kirekire n’ibindi byiza. Umurambararo w’umuyoboro ni munini kuruta umurambararo w’amazi, kandi umurambararo w’umuyoboro ugabanyijemo DN20, DN25, DN32, DN40, DN50, DN63, DN75, DN90, DN110. Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw’imiyoboro, imigozi, inkokora, imiyoboro, imiyoboro igabanya ubushyuhe, imiyoboro ifunga imiyoboro, imiyoboro ifunga imiyoboro, imiyoboro ifunga imiyoboro, imiyoboro ifunga imiyoboro, imiyoboro ifunga imiyoboro, imiyoboro ifunga imiyoboro, imiyoboro ifunga imiyoboro. Hari imiyoboro y’amazi akonje n’ashyushye, umuyoboro w’amazi akonje ni umuyoboro w’icyatsi kibisi, naho umuyoboro w’amazi ashyushye ni umuyoboro utukura. Imiyoboro irimo imiyoboro ya PPR, imiyoboro y’isi, imiyoboro y’ibinyugunyugu, imiyoboro y’amarembo, n’ibirimo ibikoresho bya PPR n’inkingi y’umuringa imbere.

(2) Uburyo bwo guhuza imiyoboro burimo gusudira, guhuza imiyoboro ishyushye n'imigozi. Umuyoboro wa PPR ukoresha guhuza imiyoboro ishyushye kugira ngo ube wizewe cyane, woroshye gukoresha, ufite umwuka mwiza, kandi ufite imbaraga nyinshi zo guhuza. Umuyoboro ufata agakoresho ko guhuza imiyoboro gafata intoki kugira ngo gahuze imiyoboro ishyushye. Mbere yo guhuza, kura ivumbi n'ibintu biturutse mu mahanga mu miyoboro n'ibikoresho. Iyo itara ritukura ry'imashini ricanye kandi rihamye, shyira imiyoboro (ibice) bigomba guhuzwa. DN <50, ubujyakuzimu bushyushye ni 1-2MM, na DN <110, ubujyakuzimu bushyushye ni 2-4MM. Mu guhuza, shyira impera y'umuyoboro nta kuzenguruka Shyira mu ikoti rishyushya kugira ngo ugere ku burebure bwagenwe. Muri icyo gihe, kanda ibikoresho by'imiyoboro ku mutwe ushyushya nta kuzenguruka kugira ngo ushyushye. Igihe cyo gushyushya kimaze kugerwaho, hita ukura imiyoboro n'ibikoresho by'imiyoboro ku ikoti rishyushya n'umutwe ushyushya icyarimwe, hanyuma ubishyire ku burebure bukenewe vuba kandi buringaniye nta kuzenguruka. Hakorwa flange imwe ku ihuriro. Mu gihe cyagenwe cyo gushyushya, igice gishya gishobora gupimwa, ariko kuzunguruka birabujijwe cyane. Mu gushyushya imiyoboro n'ibikoresho, wirinde gushyuha cyane kandi utume ubugari bugabanuka. Umuyoboro urahinduka mu gikoresho cy'imiyoboro. Birabujijwe cyane kuzunguruka mu gihe cyo gushyiramo umuyoboro ushyushye no gupima. Nta muriro ufunguye ugomba kubaho aho igikorwa gikorerwa, kandi birabujijwe cyane guteka umuyoboro ufunguye. Mu gihe ushyira umuyoboro ushyushye n'ibikoresho bihagaze, koresha imbaraga zoroheje kugira ngo inkokora idahindagurika. Nyuma yo guhuza, imiyoboro n'ibikoresho bigomba gufatwa neza kugira ngo bikomeze gukonja bihagije, kandi amaboko ashobora kurekurwa nyuma yo gukonja ku rugero runaka. Iyo umuyoboro wa PP-R uhujwe n'igikoresho cy'icyuma, umuyoboro wa PP-R ufite icyuma ugomba gukoreshwa nk'impinduka. Igikoresho cy'imiyoboro n'umuyoboro wa PP-R bihujwe n'isoko ishyushye kandi bihujwe n'igikoresho cy'icyuma cyangwa ibikoresho by'ibikoresho by'isuku. Mu gihe ukoresha uburyo bwo guhuza imiyoboro, ni byiza gukoresha kaseti y'ibikoresho bya polypropylene nk'icyuma gifunga. Niba robine ihujwe n'ikidendezi cy'umuyoboro, shyiramo inkokora y'ingore (ifite imigozi imbere) ku mpera y'umuyoboro wa PPR kuri yo. Ntugakoreshe imbaraga nyinshi mu gihe cyo gushyiraho umuyoboro, kugira ngo utangiza imigozi kandi utume amazi asohoka mu muyoboro. Gukata imiyoboro bishobora kandi gucibwa n'imiyoboro yihariye: icyuma cy'imikasi y'umuyoboro kigomba guhindurwa kugira ngo gihuze n'umurambararo w'umuyoboro urimo gukatwa, kandi imbaraga zigomba gukoreshwa kimwe mu gihe uzenguruka no mu gukata. Nyuma yo gukata, aho imvune igomba kuzunguruka hakoreshejwe uruziga rujyanye. Iyo umuyoboro wacitse, igice kigomba kuba kigororotse ku murongo w'umuyoboro nta migozi.

Umuyoboro wa Polyvinyl Chloride uhamye (UPVC)

(1) Imiyoboro ya UPVC (ibice) ikoreshwa mu gusohora amazi. Kubera uburemere bwayo bworoshye, kurwanya ingese, gukomera cyane, nibindi, ikoreshwa cyane mu gushyiraho imiyoboro. Mu bihe bisanzwe, ubuzima bwayo muri rusange ni hagati y'imyaka 30 na 50. Umuyoboro wa UPVC ufite urukuta rw'imbere rworoshye kandi udashobora kwangirika neza, ibyo bigatuma umuyoboro w'icyuma utagira ingaruka ku muvuduko w'amazi bitewe n'ingese n'ubugari. Umuyoboro nawo ni munini kuruta umurambararo w'amazi.Ibikoresho by'imiyoboroBigabanyijemo imipira ifata imigozi, imigozi, inkokora, imiyoboro ifata imiyoboro, imiyoboro igabanya imiyoboro, imitego, imiyoboro ifata imiyoboro, n'imimanika.

(2) Kuramo kole yo guhuza. Kole igomba kunyeganyezwa mbere yo kuyikoresha. Imiyoboro n'ibice by'aho ihurira bigomba gusukurwa. Uko icyuho cy'aho ihurira kigabanuka, ni ko byiza kurushaho. Koresha igitambaro cya emery cyangwa icyuma cyo gukata kugira ngo utunganye ubuso bw'aho ihurira. Sukura kole neza imbere mu mwobo hanyuma ushyire kole kabiri inyuma y'aho ihurira. Tegereza kole yumye mu gihe cya 40-60. Nyuma yo kuyishyiramo, ugomba kwita ku kongera cyangwa kugabanya igihe cyo kumisha kole hakurikijwe imihindagurikire y'ikirere. Amazi arabujijwe cyane mu gihe cyo guhuza. Umuyoboro ugomba gushyirwa mu mwobo umaze gushyirwamo. Nyuma y'uko ihurira, tangira kuzuza inyuma. Mu gihe cyo gushyira inyuma, wuzuze umucanga neza ku ruziga rw'umuyoboro hanyuma ureke igice cy'aho ihurira kizuzura cyane. Koresha ibicuruzwa bivuye mu ruganda rumwe. Mu gihe uhuza umuyoboro wa UPVC n'umuyoboro w'icyuma, igice cy'umuyoboro w'icyuma kigomba gusukurwa no gushyirwaho kole, umuyoboro wa UPVC ushyushywa kugira ngo woroshye (ariko ntutwikwe), hanyuma ushyire ku muyoboro w'icyuma hanyuma ukonje. Ni byiza kongeramo agakoresho ko gufunga umuyoboro. Iyo umuyoboro wangiritse ahantu hanini kandi ukaba ukeneye gusimbuza umuyoboro wose, umuyoboro w’amazi abiri ushobora gukoreshwa mu gusimbuza umuyoboro. Uburyo bwo gushonga bushobora gukoreshwa mu guhangana n’isohoka ry’umuyoboro w’amazi. Muri iki gihe, banza usuke amazi mu muyoboro, hanyuma ukore umuyoboro kugira ngo ugire umuvuduko utari mwiza, hanyuma ushyiremo kole ku myenge y’igice gisohoka. Kubera umuvuduko utari mwiza mu muyoboro, kole izashyirwa mu myenge kugira ngo igere ku ntego yo guhagarika gusohoka. Uburyo bwo gushonga bugamije ahanini gusohora utwobo duto n’ingingo mu miyoboro. Muri iki gihe, hitamo imiyoboro ifite uburebure bwa cm 15-20 ifite caliber imwe, uyicemo ibice bibiri, utunganye ubuso bw’imbere bw’igisenge n’inyuma y’umuyoboro ugomba gufatirwa hakurikijwe uburyo bwo gufunga utwo duhuri, hanyuma upfuke kole ahantu hamenetse. Uburyo bwa fibre y’ikirahure ni ugutegura umuti wa resin ukoresheje epoxy resin na agent yo gukangura. Nyuma yo gutera umuti wa resin n’igitambaro cya fibre y’ikirahure, uhambirwa neza ku buso bw’igice gisohoka cy’umuyoboro cyangwa ingingo, hanyuma ukaba FRP nyuma yo gukangura. Kubera ko ubu buryo bufite imiterere yoroshye, ikoranabuhanga ryoroshye gukoresha, bufite ingaruka nziza zo gufunga no kugabanya igiciro, bufite akamaro kanini ko kugabanya amashanyarazi no kuyakoresha mu gukumira amazi no kuyameneka.