Umuhengeri ni iki?

Umuyoboro, rimwe na rimwe uzwi nka valve mucyongereza, ni igikoresho gikoreshwa muguhagarika igice cyangwa kugenzura imigendekere yimigezi itandukanye.Umuyoboro nigikoresho gikoreshwa mugukingura no gufunga imiyoboro, kugenzura icyerekezo cyogutemba, no guhindura no kugenzura ibiranga imiyoboro itanga, harimo ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, nigitemba.Irashobora gutandukanywa mukuzimya-gufunga, kugenzura ububiko, kugenzura indangagaciro, nibindi bitewe numurimo.Imyanda ni ibice bigenga imigendekere yubwoko butandukanye bwamazi, harimo umwuka, amazi, amavuta, nibindi muri sisitemu yo gutanga amazi.Gutera ibyuma, ibyuma byuma, ibyuma bitagira umuyonga, ibyuma bya chromium molybdenum, ibyuma bya chrome molybdenum vanadium ibyuma, ibyuma bya duplex, ibyuma bya pulasitike, indangagaciro zidasanzwe zisanzwe, nibindi ni bike muburyo butandukanye nibisobanuro bya valve. .

Kubijyanye na kahise kahise

Buri munsi mubuzima bwacu bugira ingaruka kumikoreshereze ya valve.Dukoresha indiba iyo dufunguye robine kugirango tubone amazi yo kunywa cyangwa hydrant yumuriro wo kuhira imyaka.Gukomeza kwimyanya myinshi biterwa numuyoboro uhuza cyane.

Imihindagurikire yimikorere yinganda niterambere ryimyanya irahujwe cyane.Ibuye rinini cyangwa igiti kinini gishobora gukoreshwa kugirango uhagarike amazi cyangwa guhindura icyerekezo cyayo mwisi ya kera kugirango ugenzure imigezi cyangwa imigezi.Li Bing (imyaka y'amavuko n'urupfu bitazwi) yatangiye gucukura amariba y'umunyu mu kibaya cya Chengdu mu mpera z'igihe cy’ibihugu by’intambara kugira ngo abone umunyu n'umunyu.

Iyo ukuramo brine, igice gito cyimigano gikoreshwa nka silinderi yo gukuramo brine ishyirwa mumasanduku kandi ifite valve ifungura no gufunga hepfo.Ikibaho kinini cyibiti cyubatswe hejuru yiriba, kandi silinderi imwe irashobora gushushanya indobo nyinshi zifite agaciro ka brine.Ubwonko noneho bugarurwa hifashishijwe uruziga rw'umubumbyi n'inziga yo gusiba indobo.Shyira mu iriba kugirango ushushanye brine kugirango ukore umunyu, hanyuma ushyireho plaveri yimbaho ​​yimbaho ​​kumutwe umwe kugirango uhagarike kumeneka.

Mu bindi, umuco w’Abanyamisiri n’Abagereki wateje imbere ubwoko butandukanye bworoshye bwo kuhira imyaka.Nyamara, muri rusange bizwi ko Abanyaroma ba kera bashizeho uburyo bugoye bwo kuhira imyaka yo kuhira imyaka, gukoresha inkoko na planger kimwe n’imyanda idasubira inyuma kugirango amazi atemba asubira inyuma.

Byinshi mubikorwa bya tekinoroji ya Leonardo da Vinci kuva mugihe cya Renaissance, harimo uburyo bwo kuhira, imiyoboro yo kuhira, nindi mishinga ikomeye ya hydraulic, iracyakoresha indangagaciro.

Nyuma, nkuko tekinoroji yubushyuhe nibikoresho byo kubungabunga amazi byateye imbere muburayi,icyifuzo cya valvebuhoro buhoro.Nkigisubizo, umuringa wa aluminium na aluminiyumu watejwe imbere, kandi indangagaciro zashyizwe muri sisitemu yicyuma.

Impinduramatwara yinganda namateka agezweho yinganda za valve bifite amateka abangikanye yagiye yimbitse mugihe.Moteri yambere yubucuruzi yashizweho mu 1705 na Newcomman, nawe wasabye amahame yo kugenzura imikorere ya moteri.Kuba Watt yaravumbuye moteri ya parike mu 1769 byerekanaga ko valve yinjiye mu ruganda rukora imashini.Gucomeka ibyuma, umutekano wumutekano, kugenzura ububiko, hamwe na kinyugunyugu byakoreshwaga kenshi muri moteri ya parike.

Porogaramu nyinshi mubucuruzi bwa valve zifite imizi mugukora Watt gukora moteri ya parike.Imiyoboro ya slide yagaragaye bwa mbere mu kinyejana cya 18 n'icya 19 biturutse ku gukoresha cyane moteri ya moteri ikoresheje ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, ibyuma, imyenda, inganda, n'inganda.Byongeye kandi, yaremye umugenzuzi wambere wihuta, biganisha ku gushimishwa no kugenzura amazi.Iterambere rigaragara mugutezimbere kwimyanya nigaragara nyuma yimibumbe yisi yose ifite uruti rudodo hamwe nuruzitiro rwamarembo hamwe na trapezoidal.

Iterambere ryubwoko bubiri bwa valve ryabanje guhaza ibyifuzo byo kugenzura imigezi kimwe nibisabwa ninganda nyinshi kugirango uhore utezimbere umuvuduko wubushyuhe nubushyuhe.

Imipira yumupira cyangwa plaque ya plaque, yatangiriye ku gishushanyo cya John Wallen na John Charpmen mu kinyejana cya 19 ariko ntibashyizwe mu bikorwa muri kiriya gihe, byagombye kuba mu buryo bw'imyizerere ya mbere mu mateka.

Amato y'Abanyamerika yari ashyigikiye hakiri kare ikoreshwa rya valve mu mazi munsi y’Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, kandi iterambere rya valve ryakozwe ku nkunga ya guverinoma.Kubera iyo mpamvu, imishinga myinshi n’ibikorwa bishya bya R&D byakozwe mu rwego rwo gukoresha valve, kandi intambara nayo yatumye habaho iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga rishya rya valve.

Ubukungu bwibihugu byateye imbere mu nganda byatangiye gutera imbere no gutera imbere nyuma ya za 1960.Ibicuruzwa byaturutse mu cyahoze ari Ubudage bw’Uburengerazuba, Ubuyapani, Ubutaliyani, Ubufaransa, Ubwongereza, ndetse n’ibindi bihugu byifuzaga kugurisha ibicuruzwa byabo mu mahanga, kandi kohereza mu mahanga imashini n’ibikoresho byuzuye nibyo byatumaga ibyoherezwa mu mahanga.

Abahoze bakoloni babonye ubwigenge umwe umwe hagati yimpera za 1960 nintangiriro za 1980.Bashishikajwe no guteza imbere inganda zabo imbere, batumizaga imashini nyinshi, harimo na valve.Byongeye kandi, ikibazo cya peteroli cyateye ibihugu bitandukanye bitanga peteroli gushora imari ikomeye murwego rwa peteroli yinjiza cyane.Ikiringo c'iterambere ryiyongera mubikorwa bya valve kwisi, ubucuruzi, niterambere byatangijwe kubwimpamvu nyinshi, biteza imbere cyane iterambere ryubucuruzi bwa valve.